What’s the best undergraduate business program in the U.S.?
美国最佳本科商业商学院花落谁家？
If you believe U.S. News & World Report‘s annual ranking, it’s Wharton, hands down. If you think Bloomberg BusinessWeek would have a better clue about what makes a great business program, you would probably be surprised that Wharton doesn’t even make its top five. BusinessWeek prefers Notre Dame University’s Mendoza College of Business.
如果你相信《美国新闻与世界报道》（U.S. News & World Report）的年度排名，榜首非沃顿商学院（Wharton）莫属。如果你认为对于优秀商业课程的理解，《彭博商业周刊》（Bloomberg BusinessWeek）更胜一筹，那么你会意外地发现，沃顿商学院甚至没有进入前五名。《商业周刊》更看好圣母大学（Notre Dame University）的门多萨商学院（Mendoza College of Business）。
We’ve come up with a new way to look at the best programs, combining the results of the two most closely watched rankings of the undergraduate experience with a new and important wrinkle in the analysis: a university’s overall national rank in the annual U.S. News list. After all, a student who majors in business at any of these schools will be taking far more courses outside the business school during the four years he or she is enrolled in an undergraduate program. So the school’s overall reputation should be as important as the quality of the business program.
而我们则从一个新的角度研究最佳商业课程，将两个最受关注的本科课程排名结果与一项最新的重要分析结果相结合，它就是《美国新闻与世界报道》的美国大学年度排名。毕竟，在任何商学院，商业专业学生在本科四年期间都会选修其他院系的课程。因此，学院的总体排名应该与商业课程的质量同样重要。
Using this composite methodology, the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School comes out on top, with a significant lead over the two schools that have tied for second place: Cornell University’s Dyson School and Notre Dame. The University of Virginia’s McIntire School of Business comes in fourth, while Washington University’s Olin School rounds out the top five. Many of the first-tier programs are well known. The business schools at UC-Berkeley, the University of Michigan, Emory University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Carnegie Mellon University complete the top 10.
根据这种综合方法，宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）的沃顿商学院名列榜首，遥遥领先于并列第二名的两所院校：康奈尔大学（Cornell University）戴森学院（Dyson School）与圣母大学。弗吉尼亚大学（University of Virginia）麦金泰尔商学院（McIntire School of Business）名列第四，华盛顿大学（Washington University）奥林商学院（Olin School）排在第五位。排在前列的许多课程早已名声在外。排在前十名的其他商学院分别来自加州大学伯克利分校（UC-Berkeley）、密歇根大学（University of Michigan）、埃默里大学（Emory University）、北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校（University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill）和卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）。
Four of the top 10 undergraduate programs in business are at public universities. That’s largely because many of the best-known private schools that grant MBA degrees, such as Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, Harvard Business School, Columbia University, Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, and Dartmouth Tuck to name a few, do not have undergraduate business programs.
十大本科商业课程中，有四个来自公立大学。主要原因在于，颁发MBA学位的许多知名私立学校，如斯坦福大学（Stanford）商学研究院（Graduate School of Business）、哈佛商学院（Harvard Business School）、哥伦比亚大学（Columbia University）、西北大学（Northwestern University）、芝加哥大学（University of Chicago）、达特茅斯塔克商学院（Dartmouth Tuck）等，都没有提供本科商业课程。
Wharton’s clear win is not surprising. The school boasts one of the most respected, and selective, undergraduate business programs in the country. The University of Pennsylvania has a 12% acceptance rate, and it doesn’t break its statistics down by school—though the rumors are that Wharton is harder to get into than Penn. A veritable Who’s Who of America’s Corporate Elite have waved hefty job offers at the roughly 650 students in the class of 2014, making freshly minted Whartonites among the most richly paid business undergraduates in the world.
沃顿的胜出并不令人意外。沃顿商学院有美国最受人尊敬、筛选最严格的本科商业课程。宾夕法尼亚大学的录取率为12%，虽然这所学院没有公布不同院系具体的录取率，但有传言称，被沃顿商学院录取比进入宾夕法尼亚大学更加困难。随着一批名副其实的美国知名公司向这所商学院2014届约650名学生发出工作邀请，又一批新鲜出炉的沃顿商学人即将加入全球报酬最丰厚的商学院本科生行列。
With more applicants seeking a place in business programs throughout the U.S., it’s also getting significantly tougher to get into a top undergraduate program. Average SAT scores at many of the highly ranked schools have risen steadily in recent years. At the Wharton School, average SATs are up 22 points to 1466 in the past three years alone (we’re using the older scoring method in which a 1600 is a perfect score, not the current 2400). That’s considerably higher than the overall average of 1050 for SAT test takers.
在美国，随着申请就读商学院的人数越来越多，要进入顶级本科商学院也变得更加困难。排名靠前的许多家商学院近几年一直在不断提高SAT平均成绩。仅过去三年间，沃顿商学院的SAT平均分就提高了22分，达到1466分（我们使用的是较早的计分方法，1600分为满分，而不是目前使用的2400分）。这个分数线要远远高于SAT考生1050分的总体平均分。
“Demand is really growing at a higher rate at this point,” says Lori Rosenkopf, vice dean and director of Wharton’s undergraduate business program. “Certainly, if we look at our own trends in terms of just pure applications over the last decade, we’ve seen an almost continuous rise, with the exception of the economic crisis of 2008. For the current application cycle right now, we’ve had a 13% increase in applications. I think it represents this understanding more generally that business translates through many spheres.”
沃顿商学院本科商业课程副院长兼主任罗利•罗森科普夫说：“目前，需求增长越来越快。以沃顿商学院的趋势为例，在过去十年里，单就申请人数来说，几乎一直在增长，只有2008年的金融危机时期除外。在当前的入学申请周期中，申请人数增加了13%。我认为，这代表了一种更为普遍的理解，即商业贯穿多个领域。”
The Poets&Quants system tends to diminish anomalies in any one ranking, a common problem with statistical analysis. Those odd effects lead to some fairly divergent results between the U.S. News and Bloomberg BusinessWeek rankings. While Wake Forest University’s business school is ranked No. 11 by BusinessWeek, for example, U.S. News puts it at No. 34. And while U.S. News gives UC-Berkeley’s business school a highly impressive No. 2 ranking, BusinessWeek ranks the same school at No. 15.
异常情况是统计数据分析常见的问题，而Poets&Quants的系统可以减少任何单一排名中出现的异常。正是这些奇怪的异常情况导致《美国新闻与世界报道》和《彭博商业周刊》的排名出现了较大的分歧。例如，在《商业周刊》的排名中，维克森林大学（Wake Forest University）商学院排在第11位，但《美国新闻与世界报道》却将其排在第34位。而《美国新闻与世界报道》将加州大学伯克利分校排在了第2位，《商业周刊》却把它排在了第15位。
There are even more dramatic differences among other schools. Consider Northeastern University’s D’Amore-McKim School of Business. U.S. News has it at No. 72;BusinessWeek gave it 19th place. That’s a difference of 53 places. Then, there is MIT’s prestigious Sloan School of Management. U.S. News has it in a three-way tie for second place, behind only Wharton. Shockingly, however, the school failed to make this year’s BusinessWeek ranking at all. The year before, MIT fell out of the top 10 to 19th place largely because Sloan has fewer than 125 undergraduate business majors, about 2% of its undergraduate student body. Other schools have thousands of students studying business. “For a potential employer looking specifically to hire a large number of business majors, this isn’t enough students to make a campus visit worthwhile,” explained the publication.
其他学院在两个排名中的差异更加显著。以东北大学（Northeastern University）达莫尔麦金商学院（D’Amore-McKim School of Business）为例。它在《美国新闻与世界报道》的排名中排在第72位，但《商业周刊》却将其排在第19位，相差了53个名次。而著名的麻省理工学院（MIT）斯隆商学院（Sloan School of Management）在《美国新闻与世界报道》中与另外两所学院并列第二，仅次于沃顿商学院。但在《商业周刊》今年的排名中，斯隆商学院竟然未能上榜。去年，麻省理工学院从前10名下滑至第19位，主要原因是斯隆商学院的商业专业本科学生少于125人，仅占本科生总人数的2%。而其他学院都有数千名商业专业本科生。《商业周刊》给出的解释是：“如果潜在雇主希望雇佣大量商业专业学生，而斯隆商学院的学生人数过少，就不值得去那里举行校园招聘。”
Why are such dramatic differences so common among the two ranking systems? The inconsistencies can be chalked up to significantly different ranking methodologies. U.S. News’ results are entirely based on the magazine’s survey of business school deans and senior faculty, many of whom vote on the basis of a program’s reputation, not its true quality. They are asked to rate the quality of all programs they were familiar with on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (distinguished).
为什么两个排名会出现如此显著的差异？罪魁祸首是不同的排名方法。《美国新闻与世界报道》的结果以杂志对商学院院长和资深教学人员的调查结果为依据，许多人会根据课程的声誉进行投票，而不是课程质量。受访者被要求从1（无价值）到5（优秀）对他们熟悉的所有课程质量进行评分。
The BusinessWeek methodology is much more complicated and inclusive. It is based on surveys of students, employers, and schools. The student portion of the survey alone includes 44 questions about teaching quality, access to faculty, school facilities, career services, and more. The corporate recruiter survey was completed by 301 of the 922 surveyed employers, a response rate of 32.6%. An attempt to size up a school’s academic quality, using such factors as average SAT scores for the latest entering class and the ratio of faculty to students, is also used based on both school- and student-provided data.
《商业周刊》的方法则更加复杂，也更具包容性。它的排名以对学生、雇主和学院的调查结果为依据。仅学生调查部分就包括44个问题，分别涉及教学质量、师资力量、学院设施、职业服务等。922位受访雇主中，有301人完成了公司招聘人员调查，回复率为32.6%。此外，《商业周刊》还根据学院和学生提供的数据，尝试对学院的学术质量进行评估，采用的要素包括最新一届学生的SAT平均分，以及师生比例等。
Both systems have their flaws. U.S. News has been accused of conducting a popularity contest with its ranking because it is simply based on the opinions of a few hundred people. By surveying students who know their answers will be used to rank their schools, BusinessWeek risks getting little more than cheerleader responses.
两种评分系统均有各自的缺点。《美国新闻与世界报道》被指责其排名就是一场“人气大赛”，因为它只是根据几百人的意见就得出了最终的排名结果。而《商业周刊》调查的学生知道他们的回答将被用于学院排名，因此，最终得到的可能也只是一片叫好声。
Poets&Quants weighed three rankings equally—the BusinessWeek list, the U.S. News ranking of undergraduate business programs, and the U.S. News list of nationally ranked universities, combining these lists with a scoring system that resulted in an underlying index number for each school. Below are the top 10 programs.
Poets&Quants将《商业周刊》的排名、《美国新闻与世界报道》的本科商业课程排名，以及《美国新闻与世界报道》的美国大学排名进行了公平地对比，并将三个排名与一种计分系统相结合，得出了每所学院的基础指数。以下是10大本科商业课程。
1. University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)
1. 宾夕法尼亚大学（沃顿商学院）
Total Enrollment: 2506
招生人数：2506
Average SAT: 1466
SAT平均分：1466
Acceptance Rate: 12%
录取率：12%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $47,668
每学年学费：47,668美元
Average Salary: $67,986
平均薪酬：67,986美元
2. Cornell University (Dyson) - TIE
2. 康奈尔大学（戴森商学院）——并列
Total Enrollment: 737
招生人数：737
Average SAT: 1414
SAT平均分：1414
Acceptance Rate: 16%
录取率：16%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $47,286 (non-resident)
每学年学费：47,286美元（非住校生）
Average Salary: $61,637
平均薪酬：61,637美元
3. Notre Dame University (Mendoza) - TIE
3. 圣母大学（门多萨商学院）——并列
Total Enrollment: 1968
招生人数：1968
Average SAT: 1419
SAT平均分：1419
Acceptance Rate: 22%
录取率：22%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $46,237
每学年学费：46,237美元
Average Salary: $58,386
平均薪酬：58,386美元
4. University of Virginia (McIntire)
4. 弗吉尼亚大学（麦金泰尔商学院）
Total Enrollment: 679
招生人数：679
Average SAT: 1390
SAT平均分：1390
Acceptance Rate: 30%
录取率：30%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $46,395
每学年学费：46,395美元
Average Salary: $64,666
平均薪酬：64,666美元
5. Washington University in St. Louis (Olin)
5. 华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校（奥林商学院）
Total Enrollment: 902
招生人数：902
Average SAT: 1480
SAT平均分：1480
Acceptance Rate: 16%
录取率：16%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $46,467
每学年学费：46,467美元
Median Salary: $62,500
平均薪酬：62,500美元
6. UC-Berkeley (Haas)
6. 加州大学伯克利分校（哈斯商学院（Haas））
Total Enrollment: 717
招生人数：717
Average SAT: 1394
SAT平均分：1394
Acceptance Rate: 21%
录取率：21%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $35,742 (non-resident)
每学年学费：35,742美元（非住校生）
Average Salary: $62,719
平均薪酬：62,719美元
7. University of Michigan (Ross) - TIE
7. 密歇根大学（罗斯商学院（Ross））——并列
Total Enrollment: 1421
招生人数：1421
Average SAT: 1381
SAT平均分：1381
Acceptance Rate: 32%
录取率：32%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $45,978 (non-resident)
每学年学费：45,978美元（非住校生）
Average Salary: $63,129
平均薪酬：63,129美元
8. Emory University (Goizueta) - TIE
8. 埃默里大学（戈伊祖塔商学院（Goizueta））——并列
Total Enrollment: 742
招生人数：742
Average SAT: 1360
SAT平均分：1360
Acceptance Rate: 27%
录取率：27%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $44,008 (non-resident)
每学年学费：44,008美元（非住校生）
Average Salary: $60,357
平均薪酬：60,357美元
9. University of North Carolina (Kenan-Flagler)
9. 北卡罗来纳大学（克南-弗拉格勒学院（Kenan-Flagler））
Total Enrollment: 676
招生人数：676
Average SAT: 1356
SAT平均分：1356
Acceptance Rate:27 %
录取率：27 %
Annual Tuition & Fees: $55,546 (non-resident)
每学年学费：55,546美元（非住校生）
Average Salary: $58,537
平均薪酬：58,537美元
10. Carnegie Mellon University (Tepper)
10. 卡耐基梅隆大学（泰珀商学院（Tepper））
Total Enrollment: 397
招生人数：397
Average SAT: 1435
SAT平均分：1435
Acceptance Rate: 26%
录取率：26%
Annual Tuition & Fees: $47,642
每学年学费：47,642美元
Average Salary: $66,050
平均薪酬：66,050美元
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