What is behaviorism?
Behavioral
psychology, also known as behavioism, is a theory of learning based
upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
Conditioning occurs through interaction with the
environment.According to behaviorism, behavior can be
studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration
of internal mental states.
行为心理学，也称为行为主义，是一种基于所有行为取决于条件反射的这一思想的学习理论。条件反射是通过与环境的交互产生的，依据行为主义，我们可以使用一种系统的、可观察的方式进行行为研究，无需考虑内在的能力情况。
What is
Cognitivism?
Cognitive theorists recognize
that much learning involves associations established through
contiguity and repetition. They also acknowledge the importance of
reinforcement, although they stress its role in providing feedback
about correctness of responses over its role as a motivator.
However, even while accepting such behavioristic concepts,
cognitive theorists view learning as involving the acquisition
or reorganization of the cognitive structures
through which humans process and store
information.
认知专家认为，大部分学习包含连续和重复建立的联结，他们也认识到强化的重要性，尽管他们强调了它在提供反映正确性的反馈方面的作用，把它作为一种刺激因素。然而，既使接受到这样的行为概念时，认知专家视学习为包含了认知结构的获得和重组，通过人类处理和存储信息。
What is
Constructivism?
Constructivism is a type of learning theory that
explains human learning as an active attempt to construct meaning
in the world around us. Constructivists believe that learning is
more active and self-directed than
either behaviorism or cognitive
theory would postulate.
Constructivism divides learning into two types:
accommodation and assimilation. The focus is on the individual’s
desire and ability to learn, and the teacher or therapist is merely
there to help guide
self-directed learning.
建构主义是一种学习理论，它把人类的学习解释为在我们周围的环境里一种积极的试图建构意义。建构主义者认为，学习比行为主义和认知主义所假设的都更积极和自主。
建构主义把学习分为两类：顺应和同化。重点在于个人的需求和学习能力上，同时，教师或临床医学仅仅帮助指导自主学习。
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