Home Health Aides
图2.家庭健康助手
Home health aides provide in-home personal – and sometimes medical – care to the elderly, disabled or chronically ill, doing everything from performing household tasks to helping with physical therapy exercises. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Labor estimated that 1.3 million home health jobs would be added by 2020. To become certified as a home health aide, you’ll need 75 to 180 hours of training, depending on the state. Rather than pay for a certification program, seek out jobs at home health agencies that provide training (most do), saving you time and money.
家庭健康助手是为家庭个人提供一些服务，比如医疗、照顾老人、残疾人或慢性病等，需要懂得一些基本的理疗知识。美国劳工部预计，到2020年，家庭健康助手将需要1300000人。想成为一名家庭健康助手，需要75-180小时的培训，根据工作绩效支付。
Biomedical Engineers
图3.生物医学工程师
Biomedical engineers develop or “engineer” cutting-edge medical technology and care like prostheses, imaging and diagnostic equipment, new drug therapies and surgical procedures. From 2010 to 2020, the number of biomedical engineering jobs is expected to grow 62 percent to 25, 400 jobs. While there is no official education requirement, the majority of biomedical engineers hold a doctorate. So start by applying to grad school. The payoff? Median pay for biomedical engineers was $81, 540 in 2010, two and half times higher than the national average.
生物医学工程师是尖端的医疗技术工作，比如假肢、成像、诊断设备、新的药物疗法、手术程序等。从2010-2020年，对于生物医学工程师的需求预计将增长62%，达到25400个工作。大多数生物医学工程师的要求有博士学位，所以，刚开始研究生申请的话，平均工资是81540美元。预计需求人数在增长。
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图4.泥瓦匠
Masons
简单地说，泥瓦匠就是用水泥、石头等来堆转头或石块等。你不需要任何正规的教育，就可以成为一个石匠，但是你必须首先成为一名学徒。最好的方式通过学徒，现场经验积累。学徒计划，包括课堂培训、在职经验等，通常需要三年可以完成。
Simply put, masons use mortar or natural weight to join bricks, blocks, tiles or stones together, creating everything from walls and floors to roads and pathways. Specific disciplines include cement, stone, plaster or brick masonry. Hit hard in the 2008 recession, the masonry workforce is expected to grow by 60 percent this decade. You won’t need any formal education to become a mason, but you should get an apprenticeship. The surest way to earn an apprenticeship is through proven, on-site experience. Apprenticeship programs, which include classroom training and on-the-job experience, typically take three years to complete.
兽医需要在兽医实验室工作，比如放射、麻醉、手术护士、客户教育等。职责包括提供紧急援助，收集实验室样品、做X射线等任务。预计到2020年需求将增长52%，在加利福尼亚地区有大量的就业机会。成为一名兽医，需要两年的大专学历，或者兽医学校的认可，并且通过国家兽医技术员考试。考虑开一个诊所，或者在动物医院获得相关经验。
Dental Hygienists
图6.牙科医生
Sure, dental hygienists assist dentists with teeth cleaning. But today, a host of career opportunities exists outside the dentist’s office – from helming research studies and teaching to working for manufacturers of cutting-edge dental equipment. And it’s not just the job description that’s expanding: The number of jobs for dental hygienists is expected to grow 38 percent to more than 250, 000 jobs from 2010 to 2020. The job requires a two-year associate degree, but a four-year bachelor’s degree will open more doors professionally. Students must then sit for a national licensing exam and several state-level licensing and certification exams (varies).
牙科医生就是帮助清洁牙齿，今天，许多职业机会存在牙科医生办公室，从精深的研究、教学、或者是牙科设备制造等。牙科医生的工作岗位增长38%，从2010年到2020年，超过了250000个。这个工作需要两年的大专学历，但是四年制本科更好。必须参加国家相关考试，并获得国家级的认可与认证考试。
Accountants
图7.会计师
Accountants specialize in maintaining financial records, dissecting financial statements for accuracy and compliance with the law, assessing financial systems for efficiency, and yes, preparing tax returns – and that’s just part of it. The field will grow about 16 percent by 2020. Accountants need at least a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field and have to pass the Uniform CPA Examination from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
会计师就是财务记录，财务报表分析，遵守国家相关税法，评估金融效率等。合理报税就是其中一部分。到2020年，这个领域需求将增长16%，会计师至少需要学士学位。会计或相关专业学位，必须美国注册会计师协会的统一考试。
Carpenters
图8.木匠
Carpenters are generally divided into two classes. Rough carpenters assemble the frameworks of buildings and install windows and doorways, among other framing projects. Finish carpenters specialize in interior work like laying floors or installing cabinets. Many do both. Carpentry jobs are expected to grow 20 percent by 2020. An apprenticeship helps you get your foot in the door though many pick up the carpentry trade on the job. For entry into unions or construction associations, apprentices need 144 hours of technical training, including training in basic carpentry, blueprints, mathematics, building codes, safety and first aid.
木匠大致分为两类，木工装配和安装窗门，其它框架安装等。室内工作室的铺设地板，或者安装门柜。到2020年，木工需求将增长20%，一个学徒，可以积累许多木工工作经验。加入木工协会，需要144个技术培训，包括基本的木工、制图、教学、建筑、安全等。
Communications Managers
图9.公共关系
A communications manager organizes and disseminates company information to customers, employees, vendors, the media or others. It could mean managing social media, media relations, public relations or crisis communications, among other responsibilities. Positions within the public relations industry are expected to increase 21 percent by 2020. Entry-level competition in this field is stiff, but that’s where to start – at the assistant or coordinator level (manager jobs usually call for six years of experience). To land this job, get a bachelor’s degree in a related field (journalism, public relations, marketing, etc.).
公共关系就是帮助客户、员工、供应商、或其它媒体提供信息服务。这需要社会媒体管理、媒体公关、公共关系和危机管理等知识。到2020年公共关系行业需求将增加21%，入门竞争会很激烈。一般要求六年以上工作经验。获得相关领域学士学位，比如公共关系、市场营销等。
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
图10.医务人员
Diagnostic sonography, also referred to as “medical ultrasound, ” uses noninvasive sound-wave technologies for medical imaging. Sonographers work in hospitals, clinics or labs, and have specializations in heart, digestive system or prenatal care, to name a few. The government projects 44 percent job growth by 2020. You’ll need a two-year associate degree before you can complete the diagnostic sonography clinical training requirements and ultimately qualify for top-level certification through the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography. With an average salary of $65, 800, this is one of the highest-paying careers a two-year degree will afford.
超市诊断，也被称为医学超生，就是使用无创性声波技术在医疗成像上。在医院的超声检查、诊所或实验室，专业心脏检查、消化系统或产前护理等。到2020年就业增长44%。需要最少两年大专学历，或者完成超生诊断临床培训要求。并获得美国注册的医学超生诊断顶级认证等。平均工资是65800美元，这是高薪职业之一。
Event Planners
图11.活动策划
Event planners help conceptualize and carry out weddings, parties and corporate and government events. Event planners could be responsible for organizing company retreats, conventions, meetings of government officials or agencies, or events for hotels or other venues. The government predicts a 44 percent increase in event planning jobs by 2020. There’s no official education requirement, but most event planners have a bachelor’s degree. Various trade organizations, like the Event Planners Association, also offer certification. Typically, event planners begin their careers at the assistant level, working up to project lead and, ultimately, event management.
活动策划就是帮助策划，比如婚礼、宴会、政府活动等。策划者帮助会议、政府官员机构等策划一些组织活动，地点是在酒店或其它场所。大多数策划需要本科学历。有各种行业组织、活动策划协会等都提供认证。通常情况下，活动策划从助理做起，最终做到项目管理。
Marketing Research Analysts
图12.市场研究分析师
Market research analysts help companies identify and establish a potential consumer base that will purchase their products, and at what price. To do so, they analyze market conditions from the local to international levels. The job can span advertising, sales, research and public relations. Market research analyst positions will grow 41 percent by 2020. A degree in marketing is obviously advantageous, but it's possible to enter the field with any type of bachelor’s degree. Getting an internship -- pre- or post-grad -- helps, even if it’s unpaid.
市场研究分析师就是帮助公司识别与建立一个潜在的消费者，以及价格。帮助分析市场情况，从地方到国际市场。工作内容涵盖广告、销售、研究、公共关系等。到2020年，市场研究分析师的职位增长41%。需要至少本科学位。毕业后需要一定的实习。
Financial Analysts
图13.金融分析师
Financial analysts provide guidance to businesses and individuals making investment decisions. They assess the performance of stocks, bonds, markets, companies and other types of investments. The government expects 23 percent growth in the field by 2020. How to get started? A bachelor’s degree is required for entry-level positions, but advancing your career often means obtaining a master’s in business administration or finance. Once you’ve landed a job, your company will likely sponsor you to take – and pass – the required licensing or certification exams.
金融分析师就是帮助企业或个人提供一定的指导与投资决策。帮助分析业绩评估，股票、债券、市场、企业、其它各类的投资。到2020年，预计增长23%。入门需要至少管理硕士或金融硕士。需要相关认证考试。
Glaziers
图14.玻璃安装工
Glaziers cut, install or repair glass – usually windows – in both residential and commercial s. Specialty glaziers might work with stained glass or create art glass installations for private and public spaces. Glazing careers are expected to grow more than 42 percent by 2020. To get started, get an apprenticeship. You’ll need to be at least 18 years old, have a high school degree or equivalent, and have the physical ability to handle the rigors of the job. California has the most glazier jobs, but glazier jobs in Illinois pay best.
玻璃切割、安装、或者修理窗户玻璃的工作。通常，需要了解美国住宅与商业的各种玻璃，彩色玻璃、艺术设施等，了解私人和公共空间等。到2020年，预计增长42%。需要从学徒开始，至少18岁，具有高中或同等学力，并且肯吃苦。加利福尼亚有很多玻璃工的工作，在伊利诺伊也有一些娱乐场所需要。
Interpreters &Translators
图15.口译笔译
Interpreters and translators decode language and cultural context for people of a different language and culture. But the jobs are actually different. Translators work solely with the written word; interpreters solely with the spoken word. The field is expected to grow 42 percent by 2020. These jobs require fluency in at least two languages and their cultures. Enroll in college training programs, conferences or other courses to refine your skills. Certification is important, though no universal certification is required.
口译笔译需要了解语言，还有不同文化。工作略有不同，翻译工作仅与文字打交道，而口语与口语有关。到2020年，预计增长42%，这些工作需要你至少流利掌握两门以上语言与文化。参加相关培训，比如会议、一些课程来提高你的技能。认证也是重要的，虽然没有普遍的认证要求。
Marriage &Family Therapists
图16.婚姻家庭治疗师
Licensed marriage and family therapists work with families and couples to help them deal with troubling issues like depression, substance abuse or personal crises. With a median wage of $45, 720, job is considered underpaid considering educational requirements and job responsibility, but the number of positions is expected to grow 41 percent by 2020. Marriage and family therapists need at least a master’s degree, postgraduate clinical training and a supervised internship to get licensed. To get the internship, you must secure an MFT internship number from the state regulating board.
婚姻与家庭咨询师，帮助家庭夫妇解决一些棘手问题，比如抑郁症、物质滥用或个人情感危机。平均工资是45720美元，工作要求有相关教育，到2020年，预计增长41%。婚姻与家庭治疗师至少需要博士学位，临床培训和实习经历。完成实习，并从实习者中挑选出。
Occupational Therapy Assistants
图17.职业治疗助理
Working under the supervision of registered occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants help patients of all ages – from children with learning disorders to recovering stroke victims – overcome physical, mental, developmental or emotional disabilities to develop, recover or maintain daily life and work skills. They work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, schools, medical offices and, sometimes, the patient’s home. The number of jobs should increase 43 percent by 2020. To get started in this field, enroll in one of more than 200 accredited two-year occupational therapy assistant degree programs at community colleges across the country. After graduating with an Applied Associate Science degree, you’ll need to pass a national board exam to become licensed. Read
注册职业治疗师，就是帮助所有的患者，比如儿童、中风患者等克服身体、心理、情感等方面的问题，并恢复维持日常生活与工作技能。在医院、康复中心、学校、医疗机构工作。到2020年，需求预计增长43%。需要完成两年制的认证，完成职业治疗助理的学位课程，并在全国各地社区学院实习。获得学士学位，通过国家考试。
Physical Therapists
图18.物理治疗师
After a physician treats an illness or injury -- a broken leg, for example -- the physical therapist steps in to provide follow-up rehabilitative care. PTs map out rehabilitation plans to decrease pain, increase mobility, build strength and prevent future injury. Career opportunities are estimated to grow 39 percent by 2020. Physical therapists need a master’s or doctorate degree. To make yourself more a more competitive candidate when applying to schools, volunteer in a medical or rehabilitation center.
物理治疗师，就是帮助腿部受伤的病人提供后续的康复护理。帮助他们减少疼痛，增加血液循环，增加活动强度，减少损伤等。到2020年，就业机会预计增长39%。需要硕士或博士学位。从申请学校、志愿者或康复中心的候选人中选拔出。
Physical Therapy Assistants
图19.物理治疗助理师
Like the title suggests, physical therapy assistants work alongside PTs, helping to carry out rehabilitative treatments that PTs prescribe. As such, PTAs tend to be more hands-on than PTs. This means administering a variety of therapies – exercise, massage, hydrotherapy and electrotherapy, to name a few. Projections show 46 percent job growth by 2020. To get started, obtain a two-year degree from an Associate of Applied Science program at one of about 300 accredited schools. The competitive admissions process will become a bit less daunting if you gain initial experience at a related lower-level position, like a physical therapist aide technician. Read More
与物理治疗助理一起工作，帮助实现康复治疗。通过各种疗法，比如运动、按摩、水疗、电疗等，到2020年，预计需求增加46%。需要获得两年的学位，需要一些初步经验。
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