《孟子》中英文版
第二编 《梁惠王下》(11)
第十一章 进也民心，退也民心
齊人伐燕，取之。諸侯將謀救燕。宣王曰：“諸侯多謀伐寡人者，何以待之？”
The people of Qi, having smitten Yan, took possession of it, and upon this, the princes of the various States deliberated together, and resolved to deliver Yan from their power. The king Xuan said to Mencius, 'The princes have formed many plans to attack me - how shall I prepare myself for them?'
孟子對曰：“臣聞七十里為政於天下者，湯是也。未聞以千里畏人者也。《書》曰：‘湯一征，自葛始。’天下信之。‘東面而征，西夷怨；南面而征，北狄怨。曰，奚為後我？’民望之，若大旱之望雲霓也。歸市者不止，耕者不變。誅其君而弔其民，若時雨降，民大悅。《書》曰：‘徯我后，后來其蘇。’
Mencius replied, 'I have heard of one who with seventy li exercised all the functions of government throughout the kingdom. That was Tang. I have never heard of a prince with a thousand li standing in fear of others. It is said in the Book of History, As soon as Tang began his work of executing justice, he commenced with Ge. The whole kingdom had confidence in him. When he pursued his work in the east, the rude tribes on the west murmured. So did those on the north, when he was engaged in the south. Their cry was "Why does he put us last?" Thus, the people looked to him, as we look in a time of great drought to the clouds and rainbows. The frequenters of the markets stopped not. The husbandmen made no change in their operations. While he punished their rulers, he consoled the people. His progress was like the falling of opportune rain, and the people were delighted. It is said again in the Book of History, "We have waited for our prince long; the prince's coming will be our reviving!"
“今燕虐其民，王往而征之。民以為將拯己於水火之中也，簞食壺漿，以迎王師。若殺其父兄，係累其子弟，毀其宗廟，遷其重器，如之何其可也？天下固畏齊之彊也。今又倍地而不行仁政，是動天下之兵也。王速出令，反其旄倪，止其重器，謀於燕眾，置君而後去之，則猶可及止也。”
'Now the ruler of Yan was tyrannizing over his people, and your Majesty went and punished him. The people supposed that you were going to deliver them out of the water and the fire, and brought baskets of rice and vessels of congee, to meet your Majesty's host. But you have slain their fathers and elder brothers, and put their sons and younger brothers in confinement. You have pulled down the ancestral temple of the State, and are removing to Qi its precious vessels. How can such a course be deemed proper? The rest of the kingdom is indeed jealously afraid of the strength of Qi; and now, when with a doubled territory you do not put in practice a benevolent government - it is this which sets the arms of the kingdom in in motion. If your Majesty will make haste to issue an ordinance, restoring your captives, old and young, stopping the removal of the precious vessels, and saying that, after consulting with the people of Yen, you will appoint them a ruler, and withdraw from the country - in this way you may still be able to stop the threatened attack.'
【原文】
齐人伐燕，取之。诸侯将谋救燕。宣王曰：“诸侯多谋伐寡人者，何以待这？”
孟子对曰：“臣闻七十里为政者，汤是也。未闻以千里畏人者。《书》曰：‘汤一征，自葛始①。’天下信之，东面而征，西夷怨；南面而征，北狄怨。曰：‘奚为后我？’民望之，若大旱之望云霓②也。归市者③不止，耕者不变。诛其君而吊④其民。若时雨降，民大悦。《书》曰：‘溪我后⑤，后来其苏(6)！’今燕虐其民，王往而征之，民以为将拯己于水火之中也，箪食壶浆以迎王师。若杀其父兄，系累(7)其子弟，毁其宗庙，迁其重器(8)，如之何其可也。王天下固畏齐之强也，今又倍地而不行仁政，是动天下之兵也．王速出令，反其旄倪(9)，止其重器，谋于燕众，置君而后去之，则犹可及止也。”
【注释】
①汤一征，自葛始：《尚书》逸文。
②云霓：霓，虹霓。虹霓在清晨出现于西方是下雨的征兆。
③归市者：指做生意的人。
④吊：这里是安抚、慰问的意思。
⑤溪：等待。后：王，君主。
(6)后来其苏：君王来了就会有起色。苏：恢复，苏醒，复活。
(7)系累：束缚，捆绑。
(8)重器：指贵重的祭器。
(9)旄（mao）倪：旄，通“耄”，八十、九十岁的人叫做耄，这里通指老年人。倪，指小孩子。
【译文】
齐国人攻打燕国，占领了它。一些诸侯国在谋划着要用救助燕国。齐宣王说：“不少诸侯在谋划着要来攻打我，该怎么办呢？”
孟子回答说：“我听说过，有凭借着方圆七十里的国土就统一天下的，商汤就是。却没有听说过拥有方圆千里的国土而害怕别国的。《尚书》说：‘商汤征伐，从葛国开始。’天下人都相信了．所以，当他向东方进军时，西边国家的老百姓便抱怨；当他向南方进军时，北边国家的老百姓便抱怨。都说：‘为什么把我们放到后面呢？’老百姓盼望他，就像久旱盼乌云和虹霓一样。这是因为汤的征伐一点也不惊扰百姓。做生意的照常做生意，种地的照常种地。只是诛杀那些暴虐的国君一来抚慰那些受害的老百姓。就像天上下了及时雨一样，老百姓非常高兴。《尚书》说：‘等待我们的王，他来了，我们也就复活了！’如今，燕国的国君虐待老百姓，大王您的军队去征伐他，燕国的老百姓以为您是要把他们从水深火热中拯救出来，所以用饭筐装着饭，用酒壶盛着酒浆来欢迎您的军队。可您却杀死他们的父兄，抓走他们的子弟，毁坏他们的宗庙，抢走他们宝器，这怎么能够使他们容忍呢？天下各国本来就害怕齐国强大，现在齐国的土地又扩大了一倍，而且还不施行仁政，这就必然会激起天下各国兴兵。大王您赶快发出命令，放回燕国老老小小的俘虏，停止搬运燕国的宝器，再和燕国的各界人士商议，为他们选立一位国君，然后从燕国撤回齐国的军队。这样做，还可以来得及制止各国兴兵。”
【读解】
齐宣王听了孟子关于燕国百姓是否高兴的谈论后作出选择，命令齐国的军队作为占领军占领了燕园。结果激起了各国的愤怒，纷纷谋划要讨伐齐国这个侵略者，一场世界大战眼看就要爆发。齐宣王于是又来问计于孟子。
孟子先是故作镇静，稳住齐宣王的情绪。然后由商汤的征伐说起，又回到他那个以不变应万变，或者说万变不离其宗的话题－－民心向背。他告诉齐宣王说，商汤王的讨伐军随便到哪里都受到当地人民群众的欢迎，甚至他们不去哪里，哪里的人民群众还会抱怨。这是因为商汤王的军队只杀暴虐的君主，而根本不惊扰百姓，所以老百姓盼他们就像盼及时雨一样。可现在倒好，本来燕国老百姓以为齐国的军队是来解放他们的，所以箪食壶浆夹道欢迎。殊不知却是引狼入室，齐国的军队无恶不作，不幸被孟子言中，成了使燕国人民“水益深，火益热”的侵略者、强盗。这怎么可能使燕国人民容忍，又怎么可能使其他各国的诸侯服气呢？做出分析以后，孟子又直陈意见，要齐宣王悬崖勒马，赶快撤军，避免一场世界大战战火的燃烧。
进也孟子，遇也孟子。
不过，不能怪孟子反复无常，而是因为——
进也民心，退也民心。
民心向背是孟子政治思想的核心，国内问题如此，国际事务也如此。
话说回来，哪个时代，哪个国家。又不应当如此呢？ |
