《孟子》中英文版 第八编 《离娄下》(3-4)
第三章 君臣之道，恩义为报
孟子告齊宣王曰：“君之視臣如手足；則臣視君如腹心；君之視臣如犬馬，則臣視君如國人；君之視臣如土芥，則臣視君如寇讎。”
Mencius said to the king Xuan of Qi, 'When the prince regards his ministers as his hands and feet, his ministers regard their prince as their belly and heart; when he regards them as his dogs and horses, they regard him as another man; when he regards them as the ground or as grass, they regard him as a robber and an enemy.'
王曰：“禮，為舊君有服，何如斯可為服矣？”
The king said, 'According to the rules of propriety, a minister wears mourning when he has left the service of a prince. How must a prince behave that his old ministers may thus go into mourning?'
曰：“諫行言聽，膏澤下於民；有故而去，則君使人導之出疆，又先於其所往；去三年不反，然後收其田里。此之謂三有禮焉。如此，則為之服矣。今也為臣。諫則不行，言則不聽；膏澤不下於民；有故而去，則君搏執之，又極之於其所往；去之日，遂收其田里。此之謂寇讎。寇讎何服之有？”
Mencius replied,'The admonitions of a minister having been followed, and his advice listened to, so that blessings have descended on the people, if for some cause he leaves the country, the prince sends an escort to conduct him beyond the boundaries. He also anticipates with recommendatory intimations his arrival in the country to which he is proceeding. When he has been gone three years and does not return, only then at length does he take back his fields and residence. This treatment is what is called a "thrice-repeated display of consideration." When a prince acts thus, mourning will be worn on leaving his service. Now-a-days, the remonstrances of a minister are not followed, and his advice is not listened to, so that no blessings descend on the people. When for any cause he leaves the country, the prince tries to seize him and hold him a prisoner. He also pushes him to extremity in the country to which he has gone, and on the very day of his departure, takes back his fields and residence. This treatment shows him to be what we call "a robber and an enemy." What mourning can be worn for a robber and an enemy?'
【原文】
孟子告齐宣王曰：“君之视臣如手足，则臣视君如腹心；君之视臣如犬马，则臣视君如国人；君之视臣如土芥，则臣视君如寇仇。”
王曰：“礼，为旧君有服①，何如斯可为服矣？”
曰：“谏行言听，膏泽下于民；有故而去，则君使人导之出疆，又先于其所往；去三年不反，然后收其田里。此之谓三有礼焉。如此，则为之服矣。今也为臣，谏则不行，言则不听；膏泽不下于民；有故而去，则君搏执之，又极②之于其所往；去之日，遂收其田里。此之谓寇仇。寇仇，何服之有？”
【注释】
①为旧君有服：指离职的臣子为原先的君主服孝。
②极：穷困，这里作使动用法，意思是使其处境极端困难。
【译文】
孟子告诉齐宣王说：“君主把臣下当手足，臣下就会把君主当腹心；君主把臣下当狗马，臣下就会把君主当一般不相干的人；君主把巨下当泥土草芥，臣下就会把君主当仇敌。”
齐宣王说：“礼制规定，已经离职的臣下也应为过去的君主展孝。君主要怎样做才能使他们为他服孝呢？”
孟子说：“臣下有劝谏，君主接受；臣下有建议，君主听从．政治上的恩惠下达到老百姓。臣下有什么原因不得不离去，君主打发人送他出国境，并派人先到臣下要去的地方作一番安排布置，离开了三年还不回来，才收回他的土地和房屋。这就叫做三有礼．这样做了，臣下就会为他服孝。如今做臣下的，劝谏，君王不接受；建议，君王不听从。政治上的恩惠到不了老百姓身上。臣下有什么原因不得不离去，君主把他捆绑起来，还想方设法使他到所去的地方穷困万分，离开的当天就收回他的土地和房屋。这种情况叫做仇敌。君臣之问像仇敌一样，还有什么孝可服呢？”
【读解】
所谓投桃报李，士为知己者死。又所谓滴水之恩，当涌泉相报。
贤明的君主总是懂得这个道理，所以待臣下如手足，臣下必把君主当腹心，以死相报。比如说刘皇叔用关羽、张飞、诸葛亮，至今传为美谈。
其实，何止君王用臣下如此，现代的用人之道，又何尝不是如此呢？
说得通俗一点，也就是互相尊重，你敬我一寸，我敬你一尺。
不然的话，反目成仇，两败俱伤，也就君不君，臣不臣；领导不领导，被领导不被领导了。
那又能怪谁呢？只能怪自己不会做领导人罢。 |
