《孟子》中英文版
第七编 《离娄上》(13)
第十三章 天下之父归之，其子焉往？
孟子曰：“伯夷辟紂，居北海之濱，聞文王作，興曰：‘盍歸乎來！吾聞西伯善養老者。’太公辟紂，居東海之濱，聞文王作，興曰：‘盍歸乎來！吾聞西伯善養老者。’二老者，天下之大老也，而歸之，是天下之父歸之也。天下之父歸之，其子焉往？諸侯有行文王之政者，七年之內，必為政於天下矣。”
Mencius said, 'Bo Yi, that he might avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the northern sea. When he heard of the rise of king Wen, he roused himself, and said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old." Tai Gong, that he might avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the eastern sea. When he heard of the rise of king Wen, he roused himself, and said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old." Those two old men were the greatest old men of the kingdom. When they came to follow king Wen, it was the fathers of the kingdom coming to follow him. When the fathers of the kingdom joined him, how could the sons go to any other? Were any of the princes to practise the government of king Wen, within seven years he would be sure to be giving laws to the kingdom.'
【原文】
孟子曰：“伯夷辟纣，居北海之滨，闻文王作兴，曰：‘盍归乎来！吾闻西伯善养老者。’太公辟纣，居东海之滨；闻文王作兴，曰：‘盍归乎来！吾闻西伯善养老者。’二老者，天下之大老也，而归之：是天下之父归之也；天下之父归之，其子焉往？诸侯有行文王之政者，七年之内，必为政於天下矣。”
【注释】
辟：通“避”。《周礼·掌交》：“使咸知王之好恶辟行之。”《左传·庄公九年》：“秦子梁子以公旗辟于下道，是以皆止。”《论语·先进》：“柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭。”《礼记·中庸》：“人皆曰予知，驱而纳诸罟攫陷阱之中，而莫之知辟也。”《荀子·荣辱》：“不辟死伤。”《韩非子·外储说右上》：“不辟亲贵，法行所爱。”这里用为回避、躲避之意。
【译文】
孟子说：“伯夷躲避商纣王，住到北海边上，听说周文王所作所为很兴盛，便说：‘为何不去归服他呢？我听说文王善于供养老人。’姜太公躲避商纣王，住到了北海边上，听说周文王所作所为很兴盛，便说：‘为何不去归服他呢？我听说文王善于供养老人。’这两个老人，是天下声望很高的老人，他们归服周文王，就等于是天下的父老都归向周文王了。天下的父老都归向周文王，他们的子女还能往哪里去呢？诸侯们中如有施行周文王的爱民政策的，在七年之内，就能施行其爱民政策于天下了。”
【解说】
孟子特地举了周文王爱民而供养老人的事迹，说明周朝之取代商朝而得到天下，并不是靠武力征服来的，而是周文王在前期所推行的爱民政策已经赢得了民心，所以周武王才一战而胜。如果周文王不施行爱民政策，二老不归，天下父老皆不归，周武王又怎么能一战而胜呢？所以，孟子下结论说，只要实行周文王的爱民政策，这种为政的最佳行为方式，七年之内，一个诸侯也就能取得天下了。老人们归服周文王，就等于是天下的人都归向周文王了。 |
