《孟子》中英文版
第十编 《万章下》(5)
第五章 位卑莫言高
孟子曰：“仕非為貧也，而有時乎為貧；娶妻非為養也，而有時乎為養。為貧者，辭尊居卑，辭富居貧。辭尊居卑，辭富居貧，惡乎宜乎？抱關擊柝。孔子嘗為委吏矣，曰‘會計當而已矣’。嘗為乘田矣，曰‘牛羊茁壯，長而已矣’。位卑而言高，罪也；立乎人之本朝，而道不行，恥也”
Mencius said, 'Office is not sought on account of poverty, yet there are times when one seeks office on that account. Marriage is not entered into for the sake of being attended to by the wife, yet there are times when one marries on that account. He who takes office on account of his poverty must decline an honourable situation and occupy a low one; he must decline riches and prefer to be poor. What office will be in harmony with this declining an honourable situation and occupying a low one, this declining riches and preferring to be poor? Such an one as that of guarding the gates, or beating the watchman's stick. Confucius was once keeper of stores, and he then said, "My calculations must be all right. That is all I have to care about." He was once in charge of the public fields, and he then said, "The oxen and sheep must be fat and strong, and superior. That is all I have to care about." When one is in a low situation, to speak of high matters is a crime. When a scholar stands in a prince's court, and his principles are not carried into practice, it is a shame to him.'
【原文】
孟子曰：“仕非为贫也，而有时乎为贫；娶妻非为养也，而有时乎为养。为贫者，辞尊居卑，辞富居贫。辞尊居卑，辞富居贫，恶乎宜乎？抱关击柝①’。孔子尝为委吏②矣，曰：‘会计当而已矣．’尝为乘田③矣，曰：‘牛羊茁壮长而已矣。’位卑而言高，罪也；立乎人之本朝④，而道不行，耻也。”
【注释】
①抱关：守门的小卒。击拆（tuo）：打更；柝指打更用的梆子。
②委吏：管仓库的小史。
③乘田：管苑囿的小吏，负责牲畜的饲养和放牧．
④本朝：朝廷。
【译文】
孟子说：“做官不是因为贫穷，但有时也是因为贫穷；娶妻不是了孝养父母，但有时也是为了孝养父母。因为贫穷而做官的，便应该拒绝高官而居于低位；拒绝厚禄而只受薄禄。拒绝高官而居于低位；拒绝厚禄而只受薄禄，做什么合适呢？比如说做守门打更一类的小吏。孔子曾经做过管理仓库的小吏，只说：‘出入的账目清楚了。’又曾经做过管理牲畜的小吏，只说：‘牛羊都长得很壮实。’地位低下却议论朝廷大事，这是罪过；身在朝廷做官而不能实现自己的抱负，这是耻辱。”
【读解】
“位卑未敢忘忧国。”（陆游）
忧固然是忧，但如果你高谈阔论，指点江山，评议朝纲政纪，那可就要小心你的脑袋了。
因此，孟子有“位卑而言高，罪也”的看法。尤其是在暴政专制的时代，更是如此，所以有“莫谈国事”的警告。另一方面，如果你不是“为贫而仕”，不是为了拿工资混饭吃，而是为了实现自己的政治抱负，因而做了高官，“立乎人之本朝”，更加应该关心国家大事，发表自己的政见，尽到自己的一份责任。不然的话，“道不行”，就是耻辱。总之还是《中庸》所说“素位而行”的意思。担任什么角色就做什么样的事，说什么样的话，尽什么样的力。即便圣人如孔子，不也是管帐就说管帐，放羊就说放羊吗？既然如此，我们又放这么多余的话可说呢？ |
