《孟子》中英文版
第十二编 《告子下》(14)
第十四章 不要只看眼前利益而当官
陳子曰：“古之君子何如則仕？”
The disciple Chen said, 'What were the principles on which superior men of old took office?'
孟子曰：“所就三，所去三。迎之致敬以有禮，言將行其言也，則就之；禮貌未衰，言弗行也，則去之。其次，雖未行其言也，迎之致敬以有禮，則就之；禮貌衰，則去之。其下，朝不食，夕不食，飢餓不能出門戶。君聞之曰：‘吾大者不能行其道，又不能從其言也，使飢餓於我土地，吾恥之。’周之，亦可受也，免死而已矣。”
Mencius replied, 'There were three cases in which they accepted office, and three in which they left it. If received with the utmost respect and all polite observances, and they could say to themselves that the prince would carry their words into practice, then they took office with him. Afterwards, although there might be no remission in the polite demeanour of the prince, if their words were not carried into practice, they would leave him. The second case was that in which, though the prince could not be expected at once to carry their words into practice, yet being received by him with the utmost respect, they took office with him. But afterwards, if there was a remission in his polite demeanour, they would leave him. The last case was that of the superior man who had nothing to eat, either morning or evening, and was so famished that he could not move out of his door. If the prince, on hearing of his state, said, "I must fail in the great point, that of carrying his doctrines into practice, neither am I able to follow his words, but I am ashamed to allow him to die of want in my country;" the assistance offered in such a case might be received, but not beyond what was sufficient to avert death.'
【原文】
陈子曰：“古之君子何如则仕？”
孟子曰：“所就三，所去三。迎之致敬以有礼；言，将行其言也，则就之。礼貌未衰，言弗行也，则去之。其次，虽未行其言也，迎之致敬以有礼，则就之。礼貌衰，则去之。其下，朝不食，夕不食，饥饿不能出门户，君闻之，曰：‘吾大者不能行其道，又不能从其言也，使饥饿于我土地，吾耻之。’周之，亦可受也，免死而已矣。”
【注释】
陈子：人名，即陈臻，孟子的学生。
【译文】
陈子问：“古时候的君子在什么情况下才做官？”
孟子说：“有三种情况可以做官，有三种情况可以辞官。迎接时恭敬而且有礼貌、合礼仪，表示将要实行他的主张，就可以去就职。礼貌、礼仪虽然没有减退，但所说的没有实行，那就辞去。其次，虽然没有说要实行自己的主张，但迎接时恭敬而且有礼貌合礼仪，就可以去就职。如果他的礼貌、礼仪减退了，那就离去。最坏的情况是，早晚两顿饭都没有了，饿得出不了门，君主知道了，说：‘我大的方面不能推行他的主张，又不能听从他的话。却让他在我的国土上挨饿，我觉得是耻辱。’君主的周济，也是可以接受的，不过是免于饿死罢了。”
【解说】
本章讲了两种情况，一是国君的行为方式，而且要看其行为方式是否符合一定的社会行为规范。另一种就是君子当官的行为方式，要不要当这个官，首先要看是否符合一定的社会行为规范，然后再选择行为方式。不要糊里糊涂去当官，也不要只看眼前利益而当官。在《万章下》第四章里孟子就说过：“孔子有时见到道可行而可以出来当官，有时可以会合时可以当官，有时因国君养贤而当官。对季桓子，是道可行才当官；对卫灵公，是为了会合其意才当官；对卫孝公，是因为国君养贤才当官。”有所为，帮助兆民足以有所行为；有所不为，即不参与诸侯们的侵略、掠夺和剥削的行为。这就是孟子在当时的历史条件下所认为的最佳行为方式。 |
