Everyone gets the odd spot. Spots occur when there's a build-up of oil called sebum under the skin. Sebum is essential to keep your skin and hair lubricated. It travels up the hair shaft and out through your pores. When these pores become blocked, a whitehead or blackhead may develop. But if these blocked pores become infected, you may get a red pus-filled spot. It's not known what causes the increased production of sebum that leads to acne. But a number of factors - including hormones, bacteria, some medications and genetics - play a role. Contrary to popular belief, chocolate and greasy food don't give you spots.
谁都或多或少地长痘。一旦皮下一种叫做皮脂的油状物堆积，痘痘就冒出来。皮脂对于保持皮肤、毛发的润滑必不可少。皮脂向皮肤表面移动至毛干，并从毛孔中排出来。这些毛孔一旦受阻，就会形成粟粒疹或者黑头。但是如果这些阻塞的毛孔受到感染，就可能长出红肿的充满脓水的痘痘。人们并不知道为什么引发痤疮的皮脂越来越多。但是有几个原因——包括激素、细菌、某些药物和遗传——都起到了作用。通常人们都认为巧克力和油腻食物会让人长痘，其实不然。
There are simple ways to reduce your chances of a breakout:
几种简单的方法可以降低你暴痘的几率。
1. Watch what touches your face: anything that increases the oil production increases your chances of getting spots. Keep your hair clean. Try not to rest your hands or telephone receiver on your face and avoid tight clothes or bag straps that rub your skin. Pollution and high humidity can also cause spots.
1留心接触到脸的东西：任何增加油脂的东西都会提高你长痘的几率。保持头发清洁。不要把手或者电话听筒放在脸上，不要穿紧身衣服或者摩擦皮肤的包袋。污染和高湿度也会让人长痘。
2. Wash spotty areas with a gentle cleanser: facial scrubs, astringents and masks generally aren't recommended as they can irritate skin. Excessive washing and scrubbing can make acne worse.
2用柔软的清洁剂清洗长痘部位：一般不建议使用磨砂膏、收敛剂和口罩，因为这些会刺激皮肤。洗的太频繁太用力也会让痤疮更严重。
3. Don't pick or squeeze your spots: it may be tempting, but it can cause infection and scarring.
3不要挑挤痘痘：你可能会忍不住挑挤痘痘，但是这会引起感染或者留疤。
4. Avoid irritants: using oily or greasy makeup, sunscreens and hair products can make spots worse. For some people, the sun worsens acne and some acne medications can make you more susceptible to the sun's rays. Use a sunscreen that doesn't clog your pores.
4避免刺激物：使用油质或者含油化妆品，防晒霜和美发产品会让痘痘更严重。对于一些人来说，阳光会让痘痘更严重，一些治疮药物会让皮肤对光线更敏感。使用不会堵塞毛孔的防晒霜。
5. Use a cream containing benzoyl peroxide: research shows that these products help to unblock pores, kill bacteria, and reduce oiliness. They can be used on blackheads, whiteheads and inflamed spots and are available over the counter at your pharmacist. For persistent acne, your doctor can prescribe antibiotic creams and gel, oral antibiotics or the contraceptive pill. For severe acne, dermatologists can prescribe isotretinoin (a vitamin A derivative).
5使用富含过氧化苯甲酰的面霜：研究表明这类产品有助于疏通毛孔，杀死细菌，减少油脂。可以用于治疗黑头、粟粒疹和发炎的痘痘，在药店柜台上就可以买到。对于顽固痤疮，你的医生会开消炎药膏，口服抗生素胶囊或者避孕药。至于严重的痤疮，皮肤科医生会开出异维甲酸（一种维生素A的衍生物）。
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