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《论语》中英文版 第十三章 子路篇(15)

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 楼主| 发表于 2013-5-2 11:39:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
《论语》中英文版
第十三章 子路篇(15)
定公問:“一言而可以興邦,有諸?”孔子對曰:“言不可以若是其幾也。人之言曰:‘為君難,為臣不易。’如知為君之難也,不幾乎一言而興邦乎?”曰:“一言而喪邦,有諸?”孔子對曰:“言不可以若是其幾也。人之言曰:‘予無樂乎為君,唯其言而莫予違也。’如其善而莫之違也,不亦善乎?如不善而莫之違也,不幾乎一言而喪邦乎?”
The Duke Ding asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a country prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expected from one sentence. There is a saying, however, which people have - 'To be a prince is difficult; to be a minister is not easy.' If a ruler knows this - the difficulty of being a prince - may there not be expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?"
The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?" Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have - 'I have no pleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what I say!' If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them? But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"
【原文】
定公问①:“一言而可以兴邦②,有诸③?”孔子对曰:“言不可以若是其几也④。人之言曰:‘为君难,为臣不易’。如知为君之难也,不几乎一言而兴邦乎⑤?”
曰:“一言而丧邦,有诸?”孔子对曰:“言不可以若是,其几也。人之言曰:‘予无乐乎为君,唯其言而莫予违也。’如其善而莫之违也⑥,不亦善乎?如不善而莫之违也,不几乎一言而丧邦乎?”
                  
【今译】
鲁定公问:“一句话可以振兴国家,有这样的事吗?”孔子回答说:“对于好话不可以有这样高的期望。有人说:‘做君主难,做臣子也不容易。’如果知道做君主难,这岂不接近于‘一句话可以振兴国家’吗?”
鲁定公又问:“一句话就可以丧失国家,有这样的话吗?”孔子回答说:“对于坏话也不可以有这样极端的估计。有人说:“我当国君没有什么快乐,只是我说的话没有人敢违抗。’如果他说的话正确而没有人违杭,不也是很好吗?如果他的话不正确而没有人反对,这岂不接近‘一句话可以丧失国家吗?’”
【注释】
①定公:鲁定公。
②兴邦:振兴国家。
③诸:“之乎”的合音。
④几:期望估计。
⑤几乎:接近。丧邦:使国家沦亡丧失。
⑥莫予违:没有人敢违抗我。是“莫违予”的倒装。
【评点】
孔子说,知道“为君难,为臣不易”就能一言兴邦,含义是深长的。为君者若知“为君难”,自然要兢兢业业,举贤能远邪佞,国家就会兴盛。为君者若求“唯其言而莫予违”,把国家兴衰存亡系于自己一个人之手,又骄横独断,必然亲邪佞而远贤能,这样,国家衰亡就为期不远了。这不就几乎一言可以丧邦吗?
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