《孟子》中英文版
第一编 《梁惠王上》(5)
第五章 仁者无敌
梁惠王曰：“晉國，天下莫強焉，叟之所知也。及寡人之身，東敗於齊，長子死焉；西喪地於秦七百里；南辱於楚。寡人恥之，願比死者一洒之，如之何則可？”
King Hui of Liang said, 'There was not in the nation a stronger State than Jin, as you, venerable Sir, know. But since it descended to me, on the east we have been defeated by Qi, and then my eldest son perished; on the west we have lost seven hundred li of territory to Qin; and on the south we have sustained disgrace at the hands of Chu. I have brought shame on my departed predecessors, and wish on their account to wipe it away, once for all. What course is to be pursued to accomplish this?'
孟子對曰：“地方百里而可以王。王如施仁政於民，省刑罰，薄稅斂，深耕易耨。壯者以暇日修其孝悌忠信，入以事其父兄，出以事其長上，可使制梃以撻秦楚之堅甲利兵矣。彼奪其民時，使不得耕耨以養其父母，父母凍餓，兄弟妻子離散。彼陷溺其民，王往而征之，夫誰與王敵？故曰：‘仁者無敵。’王請勿疑！”
Mencius replied, 'With a territory which is only a hundred li square, it is possible to attain to the royal dignity. If Your Majesty will indeed dispense a benevolent government to the people, being sparing in the use of punishments and fines, and making the taxes and levies light, so causing that the fields shall be ploughed deep, and the weeding of them be carefully attended to, and that the strong-bodied, during their days of leisure, shall cultivate their filial piety, fraternal respectfulness, sincerity, and truthfulness, serving thereby, at home, their fathers and elder brothers, and, abroad, their elders and superiors, you will then have a people who can be employed, with sticks which they have prepared, to oppose the strong mail and sharp weapons of the troops of Qin and Chu. The rulers of those States rob their people of their time, so that they cannot plough and weed their fields, in order to support their parents. Their parents suffer from cold and hunger. Brothers, wives, and children are separated and scattered abroad. Those rulers, as it were, drive their people into pit-falls, or drown them. Your Majesty will go to punish them. In such a case, who will oppose your Majesty? In accordance with this is the saying, "The benevolent has no enemy." I beg your Majesty not to doubt what I say.'
【原文】
梁惠王曰：“晋国①，天下莫强②焉，叟之所知也。及寡人之身，东败于齐，长子死焉③；西丧地于秦七百里④；南辱于楚⑤。寡人耻之，愿比死者一洒之⑥，如之何则可？”
孟子对曰；“地方百里⑦而可以王。王如施仁政于民，省刑罚，薄税敛，深耕易耨⑧；壮者以暇日修其孝悌忠信，入以事其父兄，出以事其长上。可使制梃以达秦楚之坚甲利兵矣。
“彼夺其民时，使不得耕耨以养其父母。父母冻饿，兄弟妻子离散，彼陷溺其民，王往而征之，夫谁与王敌？故曰：‘仁者无敌。’王请勿疑！”
【注释】
①晋国：韩、赵、魏三家分晋，被周天子和各国承认为诸侯国，称三家为三晋，所以，梁（魏）惠王自称魏国也为晋国。
②莫强：没有比它更强的。
③东败于齐，长子死焉：公元前341年，魏与齐战于马陵，兵败，主将庞涓被杀，太子申被俘。
④西丧地于秦七百里：马陵之战后，魏国国势渐衰，秦屡败魏国，迫使魏国献出河西之地和上郡的十五个县，约七百里地。
⑤南辱于楚：公元前324年，魏又被楚将昭阳击败于襄陵，魏国失去八邑。
⑥比：替，为；一：全，都；洒：洗刷。全句说，希望为全体死难者报仇雪恨。
⑦地方百里：方圆百里的土地。
⑧易耨：及时除草。易，疾，速，快；耨，除草。
【译文】
惠王说：“魏国曾一度在天下称强，这是老先生您知道的。可是到了我这时候，东边被齐国打败，连我的大儿子都死掉了；西边丧失了七百里土地给秦国；南边又受楚国的侮辱。我为这些事感到非常羞耻，希望替所有的死难者报仇雪恨，我要怎样做才行呢？”
孟子回答说：“只要有方圆一百里的土地就可以使天下归服。大王如果对老百姓施行仁政，减免刑罚，少收赋税，深耕细作，及时除草；让身强力壮的人抽出时间修养孝顺、尊敬、忠诚、守信的品德，在家侍奉父母兄长，出门尊敬长辈上级，这样就是让他们制作木棒也可以打击那些拥有坚实盔甲锐利刀枪的秦楚军队了。
“因为那些秦国、楚国的执政者剥夺了他们老百姓的生产时间，使他们不能够深耕细作来赡养父母。父母受冻挨饿，兄弟妻子东离西散。他们使老百姓陷入深渊之中，大王去征伐他们，有谁来和您抵抗呢？所以说：‘施行仁政的人是无敌于天下的。’大王请不要疑虑！”
【读解】
从一般的请教到倾诉苦衷，寻求雪耻图强的良方。梁惠王已经对孟子信任有加了。
孟子因此也不再卖关子，而是直截了当的提出了他的仁政主张。其实还是不外乎物质生产和精神文明建设两手抓的问题。
在物质生产方面，包括三项内容：一是刑罚，二是薄赋税，三是深耕易耨。虽然省刑罚属于法治，薄赋税属于财政，深耕易耨才属于农业生产。但说穿了，前两项的目的都是为了让老百姓能够提高劳动生产积极性，发展生产。
在精神文明建设方面，主要还是教育问题，不过，在儒家政治的教育中，德育是第一位的，做人是第一位的，而文化知识还是第二位的，所以孟子在这里依然强调的是“孝、悌、忠、信”。
只要这两手都抓住了，国无论大小都可以发展壮大。
小国可以打败大国，弱国可以战胜强国。因为，施行仁政的人是无敌于天下的。
孟子当然也不是随便提虚劲，而是具体分析了敌对国的致命弱点，最后才鼓励惠王，请他不要怀疑自己的治国良方。
其实，莫说梁惠王，就是我们今天听了孟子的一番阐述申说，不也是认为很有道理的吗？ |
