德国将在2022前关闭所有的核电站
原文: 选自腾讯新闻网
译者: 爱尔兰都柏林大学 赖小琪
德国环境部长30日宣布，德国将于2022年前关闭国内所有的核电站。德国将成为首个不再使用核能的主要工业国家。
The Environment Minister of Germany announced on May 30th that Germany will close all domestic nuclear power plants by the end of 2022, making it the first major industrial country that no longer uses nuclear energy in the world.
受日本地震引发的核泄漏事故影响，瑞士政府25日表示，瑞士现有5座核电站将于2019年至2034年陆续达到最高使用年限。之后，瑞士将不再重建或更新核电站。目前瑞士电能近四成来自核电。
Affected by the nuclear leakage accident triggered by the earthquake in Japan, Swiss government declared on May 25th that the country has 5 nuclear power plants that will reach their full longevity successively between 2019 and 2034. After that, Switzerland will not rebuild or renew nuclear power plants. Currently, some 40% of the electricity in Switzerland comes from nuclear power.
由总理默克尔领导的德国执政联盟经过近12个小时的磋商于29日深夜就德国放弃核电时间表达成妥协。根据这一计划，德国将于2022年前彻底放弃核能发电。
, led by the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the German ruling coalition reached a consensus on discarding nuclear power on the night of May 29t after approximately 12 hours’ discussion. According to the plan, Germany will completely abandon nuclear power to generate electricity.
德国共有17座核电站。按照由德国基督教民主联盟、基督教社会联盟和执政伙伴自由民主党三党领导层达成的最新时间表，日本福岛核电站事故后被暂时关闭的7座1980年以前投入运营的核电站将永久性停运。德国其余的10座核电站原则上都将于2021年前关闭，但其中3座核电站可能将在新能源无法满足用电需求的情况下“超期服役”一年。
There are a total of 17 nuclear power plants in Germany so far. According to the latest timetable mapped by German Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union and the Liberal Democratic Party, the current 7 temporarily-closed nuclear power plants after the nuclear accident in Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant will be closed forever. These 7 nuclear power plants started to operate before 1980. The remaining 10 nuclear power plants will be shut down by 2021 on principle. But 3 of them may remain operation for another “extended year” when the new energy cannot meet the electricity demand.
德国执政联盟是在日本福岛核电站事故后德国国内弃核舆论压力增大的情况下达成上述妥协的。核电存废在德国一直是敏感话题。一方面，由于担心核电安全问题，多数德国民众支持关闭核电站。另一方面，目前德国用电总量中有四分之一来自核电。尽管德国近年来在可再生能源利用方面取得长足进展，但决策者对可再生能源的预期发电量是否足以弥补关闭所有核电站造成的电力短缺并没有十足的把握。
Germany’s ruling coalition reached the above agreement under the growing domestic public pressure on giving up nuclear power after the nuclear accident in Fukushima Nuclear Plant in Japan. On the one hand, in fear of the nuclear power safety problems, the majority of Germans support closing nuclear power plants. But on the other hand, about 25% of the total electricity in German comes from nuclear power. Though German has made huge progress in developing renewable energy in recent years, the policy makers are still hesitating on whether the expected electricity capacity generated by renewable energy can compensate for the electricity shortfall to be caused by the closed nuclear power plants.
2002年，当时的德国政府通过一项“核电逐步退出”的法令，确定到2022年左右关闭德国境内全部核电站。2010年10月，德国联邦议院通过了默克尔政府有关延长核电站运营期限的计划，将德国关闭最后一座核电站的时间由2022年前后推迟到大约2035年。
In 2002, the then German government passed the act of “Nuclear Power Phase-Out”, deciding to close all nuclear power plants by around 2022 in Germany. In October, 2010, the German Bundestag passed the Markel government’s plan to extend the operation time of nuclear power plants, which will extend the time of closing the last plant from 2022 to about 2035.
日本核电站事故后，默克尔政府于3月份成立伦理道德专家委员会，为政府制订“审慎退出核电”政策提供咨询。该委员会将于30日向默克尔正式提交一份评估报告。
After the Japanese nuclear accident, the Markel government established the Ethics Experts Committee in March and provided advice for the government to establish the “prudent exit from nuclear power” policy. The committee will formally submit an assessment report to Markel on May 30th. |
