以前听过很多次 “张爱玲” 这个名字, 知道她中国著名的现代作家. 但是遗憾的是, 一直以来都没有特别关注过她, 更没有涉猎多少她写的作品. 但是自从前段时间买了一本她写的短篇小说集来看了以后, 我真的对这位才女刮目相看, 尤其是对她的文字功底感到深深的折服. 她文字中所表现出来的热烈与奔放, 冷艳与凌厉, 让人读后感到一位才情横溢而且极富有个性的才女就伫立在眼前. 如果说林徽因是柔情似水, 恬静平和, 陆小曼是热情似火, 放浪不羁的话, 那么张爱玲无疑就是两者的中和. 她既有林徽因的淑女柔情, 也有陆小曼的浪漫潇洒; 既有林徽因的恬淡冷静, 也有陆小曼的爱恨分明. 同时, 她的作品揉和了中国古典文学和西方浪漫主义色彩, 由此即可看出作者那学贯中西的才情!
今天在地铁上读完她写的>后, 我掩卷沉思良久. 在我看来, >可以说是张爱玲短篇小说中的代表作了. 该作品写于1943年, 在当时发表后曾经引起一度的轰动. 但是, 光阴流转接近七十年, 时至今日, 我, 一个完全没有经历过当时社会动荡以及旧世俗礼教束缚迫害的当代青年, 读完这个故事后, 心灵仍然产生极大的震撼! 故事的女主人公曹七巧的悲剧一生在我的脑海中一遍遍地播放, 让人欲罢不能. 如果说曹七巧的前半生是被迫害的一生, 那么她的后半生便是迫害别人的一生. 她年轻时为了摆脱穷苦的生活, 为了嫁入豪门, 不惜嫁给因病瘫痪在床的姜家二少爷. 于是, 这个女子为了物欲, 不惜压抑自己本能的情欲, 以换取自己和娘家生活的好转. 在姜家, 她备受冷眼和奚落, 连下人也看不起她. 当她为丈夫生下女儿长安和儿子长白以后, 她的丈夫也因病加重而终究成了有气无力的废人. 然而, 七巧当时正值年华顶盛时期, 她无法压抑自己的情欲. 其实早在嫁给二少爷前, 她早已认识姜家三少爷季泽并且倾心于她. 当时她愿意加入姜家的另一个原因是为了和季泽重逢. 于是, 当丈夫在生活和情感上无法给予她支持与安慰时, 她试图接近年轻力壮的季泽, 除了为了满足自己的情欲外, 她也渴望这个男人可以真正地爱她.
然而造化弄人, 或者说得更直白点, 现实对七巧太残酷了. 在姜家分家前, 季泽虽然多少有点垂涎于她的美色, 但是为了不在家中节外生枝, 一直将她的暗送秋波拒之门外; 分家以后, 好赌成性的季泽为了得到她的钱财, 不惜靠近她, 并且和花言巧语来哄骗她. 万幸的是她识破了他的阴谋, 将他赶出了家门. 然而, 前半生的种种不幸, 年复一年地施加在七巧的身上, 把她几乎逼上了绝路, 让她的心灵完全扭曲. 于是在后半生, 她开始了有意无意的 “疯狂报复”. 七巧的后半生是残害别人的一生, 而这里的 “别人” 并不是指家里以外的人. 恰恰相反, 七巧迫害的, 却是她的一双儿女. 首先她强迫长女长安裹脚, 并且让她退学, 还让她疯狂吸食鸦片. 当女儿遇到心仪的对象并且努力戒烟以寻求与恋人双宿双栖时, 她破坏女儿的婚姻, 逼其退婚; 儿子长白也在她的影响下学会了吸食鸦片, 并且受她的挑唆, 与媳妇寿芝关系不和. 她平时对寿芝也百般挑剔与刻薄, 最后令极度压抑的寿芝不幸染病却无人照料而一命呜呼. 如此一连串的悲剧, 既显示了旧社会保守家庭中妇女所受到的迫害, 同时又展现了这些曾经受过迫害的妇女的不觉醒, 继续迫害后代的悲剧. 读来实在不得不让人感到叹息!
在>中, 所有的人都被一种无形的力量牵制着. 他们曾试图改变自己的命运, 然而旧时代的落后和封建礼教的强大枷锁, 让他们无法控制自己的命运. 这或许就是张爱玲所要表现的世间无情与苍凉. 另外, 穿插于小说中的另一条主线是物欲与情欲的冲突. 当两者无法兼得时, 现实无情地让剧中的人物选择了物质的丰足而压抑甚至扼杀内心的情感与生理的性欲. 这是极其不人道的. 然而在作者的眼中, 如果旧的社会体制不改变, 这样的悲剧仍旧会继续下去, 荼毒一代又一代人. 难怪作者在>的结尾中写道: “三十年前的月亮早已沉下去, 三十年前的人也死了, 然而三十年前的故事还没完----完不了.”
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2012年8月11日雅思考试作文:
A large number of young people are leaving school and can not find a job. What problems will youth unemployment cause in individual and for society? Give some measures.
正文:
A large number of young people can not find a job after leaving shool. what problems will youth unemployment cause for individuals and society? what measures should be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among young people？
The world is in for a worsening youth unemployment, with its causes resembling their consequences. It goes without saying that youth unemployment needs to be tackled urgently, but this important task is anything but easy. However, if the microeconomic theory is of any use at all, it must include explanations, but also solutions to such problems as are affecting school leavers as individuals and society as the labor market.
In a time of the economic recession, there is always a high jobless rate among young people, compared to the overall unemployment rate. This may explain in part why a large number of young people who are leaving school find it difficult to get a job. Particularly, youth unemployment spells a variety of hardships in a society that is powerless to create jobs. As unemployment balloons, competition among young individuals for jobs also rises, hence further pushing the society in general to tighten its belt, among other unpopular measures. Being part of a vicious economic cycle , massive unemployment carries an emotional toll, often too complex to define and too heavy a burden for the so-called 'scarred generation' to bear with hope and dignity. In view of this situation, if little or nothing could be done soon enough to reduce the unemployment level, the society's law and order would be at risk, referring, as an example, to a link between youth unemployment and youth crime.
Unfortunately, ways to create jobs for young people seem to be mostly slow and often ineffective, and worse still, widely divided as an economic issue. For instance, some governments decide to take austerity measures, contrary to the argument that to cut public spending in the presence of high unemployment would be to ignore the lessons of history that are specifically not in favor of young people looking for jobs. At another point, the expectation that private employers would be able to hire enough to bring youth unemployment down remains only an expectation and not a cure-all for graduate unemployment. Neither is entrepreneurship a promising option for graduate employment because the precarious character of working for oneself does not suit everybody. On the other hand, not every school leaver acquires sufficient skills needed for the labor market, which implies that part of the long-term pro-job campaign should begin at school in the first place. Further, the supply and demand of jobs for young people are apparently out of steps, as seen in some societies that face a lack of personnel in technology and natural sciences, but have a surplus of students in human and social sciences.
All in all, those are challenges for individuals and the society as a whole in the light of the current economic recession in which young graduates are being severely affected. Accordingly, efforts from all sectors should lead to the assurance that the next decade would be one of growth and not of high unemployment. Here are the problems, and it seems that the last thing to do is to embrace nature's cure and wait them out. (Essay created by Jeenn Lee Hsieh） |
