As summer is coming, it is time for us to be wary of too much sun. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause cumulative damage to your eyes as you age - but you can protect your vision by wearing sunglasses every day, even in cloudy weather. Here's what you need to know about choosing the best sunglasses, to prevent age-related cataracts and other eye problems over time.
随着夏日的来临，我们是时候要警惕那过分的太阳光了。来自太阳的紫外线辐射可能会随着年龄的增长而对你的眼睛造成累积性损伤，但你依然可以通过每天佩戴墨镜来保护你的视力，即使在多云的天气。下面是你需要知道的，如何选择最好的太阳眼镜，以防止老年性白内障及其他随着时间的推移导致的眼睛问题。
How Do Sunglasses Help?
太阳眼镜是如何保护我们的眼睛？
As we get older, our eyes undergo physiological changes that can cause vision problems and eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Ultraviolet light from the sun carries two types of radiation, UVA, and UVB rays (which also cause photoaging and wrinkling of our skin). Since UV light carries more energy than visible light, it can do greater damage to our eyes. As we age, the damage simply has more time to accumulate: a cataract, (cloudiness of the lens) for example, is believed to be caused by many years of exposure to bright sunlight. Sunglasses designed to block 100% of UVA and UVB rays so that it can protect your eyes against this cumulative damage.
随着年龄的增长，我们的眼睛会历经生理上的变化，这可能会导致视力问题和眼疾，例如老年性黄斑病变，青光眼等。来自太阳的紫外线会带来两种类型的辐射，UVA和UVB射线（这也导致我们的光照性皮肤老化和起皱纹）。由于紫外光携带了比可见光更多的能量，它会对我们的眼睛造成更大的损害。随着我们年龄增大，这些损害有更多的时间来积累。例如，白内障（眼球晶状体混浊）就被认为是常年暴露在刺眼的阳光下造成的。而太阳眼镜正是为了阻挡100％的UVA和UVB射线而设计的，它能保护你的眼睛免受这种累积性损伤。
How dark should you go?
你要选择多深色的眼镜呢？
While very dark lenses might seem to offer greater protection, how dark the lens is only affects visible light, not ultraviolet light.
尽管颜色越深的镜片似乎能提供越大的保护，但事实上镜片颜色的深浅仅仅影响的因素是可见光而非紫外线。
Natalie Hutchings, Associate Professor in the University of Waterloo's School of Optometry and Vision Science, says dark lenses can actually cause the pupil of your eye to get larger to let in more light, making UV protection even more important. "Degree of darkness and lens color or tint are not the factors which protect your eyes, " she says. "It's crucial to choose glasses which block 100% all of the UV light, both UVA and UVB. This protection can be a function of the material the glasses are made of, the thickness of the material, or it may be a coating on the lens - even in lenses without any color or tint at all. It's the 100% UV blockage you should look for on the label, since you can't tell whether they have it, just by looking at the glasses."
滑铁卢大学验光与视力科学系副教授纳塔莉·哈钦斯说，深色镜片实际上会导致你的瞳孔变大，让更多的光线进入，因此对紫外线的防护更显重要。"颜色深度和镜片的颜色或者色调并非是保护你眼睛的要素，"她说道："选择能阻挡100％包括UVA和UVB射线的紫外光太阳眼镜，才是至关重要的。这种保护可以是来自制成的眼镜的材料，材料的厚度或者是镜片上的涂层--即便是那些没有任何颜色或色调的镜片。你在标签上应该查找的正是这100％紫外线阻挡，因为你不能仅凭看眼镜来说明它是否具有这种性质。"
Tips for Choosing Sunglasses:
选择太阳镜的小建议：
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), the best sunglasses offer:
根据美国眼科协会（AAO），最好的太阳镜应能提供：
*100% UV protection;
*100％防紫外线；
*High optical quality (lenses are free of manufacturing defects like bubbles or waves that could bother your eyes);
*高光学质量（镜头无制造缺陷，如可能影响你眼睛的气泡或光波）；
*Scratch-resistant lenses;
*防刮镜片；
*larger frame that offers more coverage of eye area
*更大的镜框，以提供给眼周区域更大的覆盖面。
In addition, pick sunglasses that are comfortable and fit your face properly, because you'll be more inclined to wear them. Hutchings suggests that older adults may prefer larger, robust frames that are easier to handle with arthritic fingers.
此外，要挑选佩戴舒适并适合你脸型的太阳眼镜，因为你会因此更常佩戴它。哈钦斯建议，为了方便患关节炎的手指持握，老年人可能更喜欢大且结实耐用的镜框。
Other Ways to Protect Your Eyes in the Sun:
其他在阳光下保护你眼睛的方法：
Sunglasses offer just one form of protection for aging eyes. Health Canada and other agencies advise also wearing a visor or wide-brimmed hat when you're outdoors, and avoiding times of brightest and most intense sunlight, such as summer days between the hours of 11am and 4pm (when the UV index is highest).
太阳眼镜仅仅为眼睛的老化提供了一种保护的方法。加拿大卫生部及其他机构建议，当你要身处户外，也应该佩戴遮阳帽或宽边帽，并且避开阳光最亮和最猛烈的时段，如夏季白天上午11点到下午4点间（此时紫外线指数最高）。
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