Behaviorism 行为主义学习理论
Behavioral psychology, also
known as a theory of learning based upon the idea that all
behaviors are acquaired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs
through interaction with the environment .According to behaviorism,
behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with
no consideration of internal mental states (john Watson,1930)
行为主义理论是认为，所有行为是通过条件刺激而产生的一种学习理论。条件刺激主要是通过与环境作用产生。根据行为主义理论，行为可以在不用考虑内在心理状态下通过系统和认可观察的方式进行研究。
Cognitivism 认知主义学习理论
Cognitive theories
recognize that much learning involves
associations established through contiguity and repetition .They
also acknowledge the importance of reinforcement ,although they
stress its role in providing feedback about the correctness of
responses over its role as a motivator .However
even while accepting such behavioristic concepts ,cognitive
theorists view learning as involving the acquisition or
reorganization of the cognitive structures though which humans
process and store information.(God & Brophy,1990,p.187)
认知主义学习理论认为多数学习主要是通过连续和重复建立起来的关联。尽管他们重视作为动机提供反映的准确性反馈，胜过作为一种刺激因素的重要性。然而，尽管他们接受了行为主义的的这些观念，他们仍然把学习看做是，人们加工和存储信息，获得和重组认知结构的活动。
Constructivism 建构主义学习理论
Constructivism is a type of learning theory that explains human
learning as an active attempt to construct meaning in word around
us. Constructivists believe that learning is more active and
self-directed than either behaviorism or cognitive theory would
postulate.
Constructivism divides learning into two types: accommodation
and assimilation .The focus is on the individual’s desire and
ability to learn,and the teacher or therapist is merely there to
help guide self-directed learning.
建构主义是是一种把人类学习解释为建构我们周围世界意义的一种尝试。建构主义认为学习比行为主义和认知主义理论假设的学习更主动，自主。
建构主义把学习分成两种类型：顺应和同化。主要在于学习者个人的对学习的渴望和能力，并且教师和专家只是帮助指导自主学习。
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