Behavioral psychology, also known as behavioism, is a theory of
learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with
the environment.According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied
in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of
internal mental states.
行为心理学，众所周知也就是行为主义，是一种基于所有的行为都是通过后天调节所得的一种学习的理论。通过与环境的交互这种调节发生，根据行为主义，可以通过系统方法和观察的方式来研究人的行为，而不用考虑人的内部心理状态。
Cognitive theorists recognize that much learning
involves associations established through contiguity and
repetition. They also acknowledge the importance of reinforcement,
although they stress its role in providing feedback about
correctness of responses over its role as a motivator. However,
even while accepting such behavioristic concepts, cognitive
theorists view learning as involving the
acquisition or reorganization of the cognitive
structures through which humans process and store information.
认知理论学者意识到，许多学习通过连续性和重复性建立连接。他们也承认，巩固的重要性，虽然他们强调它提供正确反馈的作用大于它作为动力的作用。然而，即使在接受这样的行为主义观念时，认知的理论学者认为学习涉及人类认知结构的获得或重组，通过人类储存和处理知识的过程。
Constructivism is a type of learning theory that
explains human learning as an active attempt to construct meaning
in the world around us. Constructivists believe that learning is
more active and self-directed than either behaviorism or cognitive
theory would postulate.
Constructivism divides learning into two types: accommodation and
assimilation. The focus is on the individual’s desire and ability
to learn, and the teacher or therapist is merely there to help
guide self-directedlearning.
建构主义是一种学习理论来解释人类的学习是通过一个积极的尝试去建构意义在我们周围的世界。建构主义认为学习是更积极和更自主的比行为或认知理论假定的学习，建构主义将学习分为两种类型：顺应和同化。重点是对个人的渴望和学习能力，老师或治疗专家仅仅帮助指导自我定向学习。
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