仙仙 发表于 2013-5-2 17:44:24

Five Presentation Mistakes Everyone Makes

We all know what it's like to sit through a bad presentation. We can easily spot the flaws — too long, too boring, indecipherable, what have you — when we watch others speak. The thing is, when we take the stage ourselves, many of us fall into the same traps.
我们都知道耐着性子听完一个糟糕的报告是什么滋味。听取他人报告时,我们也可以轻而易举的发现其中的缺点,冗长,枯燥,晦涩。然而,轮到我们自己作报告时,我们很多人也会犯此类错误。
Here are five of the most common, along with some tips on how to avoid them.
以下是五种常见的失误,以及避免失误的小忠告。
1. Failing to engage emotionally. You risk losing your audience when you just "state the facts, " even in a business setting. No presentation should be devoid of emotion, no matter how cerebral the topic or the audience. Speak to people's hearts as well as their minds. Look for ways to add emotional texture to your exhibits, data, proofs, logical arguments, and other analytical content. Try opening with a story your audience can relate to, for example, or including analogies that make your data more meaningful.
1.缺少感情。 如果你仅仅是陈述事实,那么你会冒着失去观众的危险,尤其是在商场上。不论报告主题多么的启人心迪,不论报告的听众多么的才智卓群,没有任何一个报告应缺乏激昂感情的。讲述的时候要迎合观众的心理及思维。多想办法为自己的展示,数据,证据和逻辑推理以及其他的分析内容增添一些带有感情色彩的文字。例如,可以用一个故事做引子引起观众共鸣,或者使用一个,类比让你的数据更具意义。
To unearth the emotional appeal of your ideas, ask yourself a series of "why" questions. If you're requesting funding to pay for cloud storage, for instance, start by asking, "Why do we need cloud storage?" Your answer may be something like "to facilitate data sharing with colleagues in remote locations." Then ask why you need to accomplish that — and you'll eventually get to the human beings who will be affected by your ideas. Suppose your answer is "to help remote colleagues coordinate disaster relief efforts and save lives." That's your emotional hook. Once you've found it, it's easier to choose words and images that elicit empathy and support.
要发掘思想观点中的感情吸引力,你必须不停的问自己“为什么”。举个例子,如果你需要资金支付云存储,那么你就可以开始这样问,为什么我们需要云存储?你可以这样子回答,便于与远在外地的同事进行数据共享。然后再问为什么要完成这个,这样一来,你就可以跟受你的观点影响的听众拉近距离。如果你的回答是“协助远程同事努力救灾和拯救生命。”这是你的情感诱饵。一旦你找到它,要找到文字和图片来引起共鸣和支持就容易多了。
2. Asking too much of your slides . PowerPoint can be a great tool. But know what you're trying to accomplish with it. Do only that, nothing more. Problems crop up when you place too many elements in a slide deck. If you cram in all the points you're going to cover so you won't forget anything, you'll end up projecting entire documents when you speak. (Garr Reynolds aptly calls these hydra-headed beasts "slideuments.") No one wants to attend a plodding read-along. It's boring, and people can read more efficiently on their own, anyway. So don't try to spell everything out bullet by exhausting bullet. Keep your teleprompter text hidden from the audience's view, in the "notes" field, and project only visuals that reinforce your ideas. And if you need to circulate documents afterward? Create handouts from all that text you've pulled off your slides and moved into "notes."
2.幻灯片问题多。幻灯片是个好工具,但要知道你只是用它达成你的目标,仅此而已,切莫画蛇添足。一张幻灯片上内容越多,出现的问题也越多。如果你在幻灯片上塞满所有你要讲的内容,便于你记住,那么你的内容也就没有亮点了(卡尔雷诺兹把这些难以根绝的东西恰当地称为幻灯片文件)。没有人愿意参加一个单调乏味的个人朗读会。这不仅让人厌烦,而且听众自己也可以朗读,可能读得更有效率。不要把所有的都陈列出来,这样只会适得其反。把你的讲词提示装置放在观众看不到的地方,可以放在注释的地方,只须把强化你的观点的核心展示出来就行。如果你需要传阅文件,那么你可以从幻灯片处摘取内容制作一份手稿,放到注释处就行。
3. Trotting out tired visuals. Nothing gets eyes a-glazing like a visual cliché. Want your presentation to stand out (in a good way) from the others your audience has seen? Brainstorm lots of visual concepts — and throw away the first ones that came to mind. They're the ones that occur to everyone else, too. That's why you've seen them a million times in other people's presentations. Generate several ideas for each concept you want to illustrate, and you'll work your way toward originality.
3. 炫耀造成视觉疲劳。 一直盯着炫目的东西会造成视觉疲劳。想要让你的报告给观众耳目一新的感觉吗?想让它脱颖而出吗?这得进行大量视觉效果的头脑风暴,并且摒弃最先出现在脑海里面的想法,因为其他人也可以想得到的。这就是你在他人的报告上看见无数次的原因。生成一些你想要解释的普遍的观点,然后用你自己的方式去解释,形成自己原创的东西。
4. Speaking in jargon. Have you ever listened to a presenter who sounded super-smart without having any idea what she really said? If so, the presentation was probably full of jargon. Each field has its own lexicon that's familiar to experts but foreign to everyone else. Unless you're speaking to a group of people who are steeped in the material themselves, you're better off avoiding highly technical or industry-specific language. Use words that will resonate with those whose support and influence you must earn. If they can't follow your ideas, they won't adopt them. Consider whether your presentation passes the "grandmother test": If your grandmother wouldn't understand what on earth you're talking about, rework your message.
4.术语太多。 你是否听过这样的一个报告,报告人异常聪明,但你却不知道他在说什么。如果有,那可能是报告里有太多的术语。每个领域都有自己的专有术语,专家易懂,外行人不懂。建议你避免高技术用语或者专用语言,除非你是给一群从事相似工作的人作报告。使用一些话语,引起那些支持你和影响你的人的共鸣。如果他们不了解你所说的,他们是不会采纳你的观点的。考虑一下你的报告是否通过了“祖母的考核”,如果你的祖母都不了解你在说什么,那么重新更改你的内容。
5. Going over your allotted time. There's nothing worse than a presentation that seems like it will never end. A great talk goes by quickly. People in your audience will never scold you for ending early, but they certainly will for ending late. So treat the time slot assigned to you as sacred. And keep in mind that people have a 30- to 40-minute presentation tolerance (they're conditioned by TV shows with creatively produced commercial breaks). Go longer than that, and they're sure to squirm.
5.超过给定的时间。 没有什么比一个看似永远不会结束的报告更糟糕的了。精彩的报告总是过得很快的。观众永远不会责备一个报告结束得早,但是肯定会责备报告结束得晚。所以认真看待分配给自己的时间,并记住人们通常只能容忍30到40分钟的报告时长(他们是受电视节目以及穿插其中的创意商业广告的影响)。超过这个时间,观众就没有多少耐心了。
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