The simple act of taking a good picture seems like it should be pretty easy, but the truth is, there is a lot more to it than just pointing-and-shooting: the art of good photography takes quite a bit of practice. When you’re just starting out, it’s hard to sift through all of the information on the web about what you should know. What we did here was pack together a bunch of the most popular tips and tricks for newbie photographers.
拍一张好照片看起来好象是件容易的事。但事实是，拍照远不只是对焦按快门那么简单。要想拍一张好照片是需要花工夫练习的。初学者很难从网上的海量信息中找到自己需要的东西。在此我们为菜鸟们提供了一些有用的当下流行的技巧。
Exposure
曝光
Exposure is one of the most important things to take into account when learning photography. The two main points when talking about exposure in photography are shutter speed and aperture: two things that have to do with light.
爆光是摄影学习的重中之中。曝光中最重要是和光有关的两个因素：快门和光圈。
Choosing the right shutter speed is super important: if the shutter is open for too long, the image can blur, or the light sources in the image can be streaky-looking (like little comets).
选择正确的快门至关重要：如果快门打开时间过长，影像就会变得模糊，要不影像里的光就会成条纹状（就象小彗星）。
aperture
光圈的大小决定了有多少光会进入相机（镜头）。通过调节光圈，可以把对焦物体变成照片中一个特别的部分。《光圈要素》中有一些好的照片可供参考。
Aperture is the size of the opening that allows the light into the camera (the lens). By making adjustments to the aperture, you change the depth of focus, and can draw the focus of the observer to a particular part of photograph. A couple of good image examples can be found in this article on the basics of aperture.
学习相机设置
Knowing what the heck your camera can actually do is a great place to start, so don’t be afraid to mess around with some of the settings to see what they do firsthand. However, if you are just starting out, you may have no idea what all those industry-specific words are. Having a good plain-language glossary of photography and camera terms can help you understand a bit better.
了解相机功能是一个重要的开始，一开始玩不转相机也没什么。初学者一般都搞不懂专业用语。一本浅显易懂的照片和相机词汇能够帮助你理解这些词汇。
Choosing the correct lens for the shot is also super important. When you are limited by the number of lenses you have, you might want to practice taking pictures that are best suited for the lens you currently have. But how do you know what works for the lens you have? Having a calculator to figure out the focal length will help you determine which lens you should use when setting up a particular shot.
选择正确的镜头也很重要。在镜头不多的情况下，选择练习拍摄最适合镜头的照片。那又怎么知道那种照片最适合相应的镜头呢？用计算器算出焦距长度可以帮助你了解什么样的镜头适合什么样的照片。
When you are in the market to buy a new lens, you will need to know a little more about what different types of lenses do and how to choose the right one.
准备买新镜头前需要了解关于各种镜头的知识以及如何选择适合自己的那一款。
A cool trick for getting the right balance in an image is to use what’s called the Rule of Thirds. Essentially you’ll want to divide the image up into three rows and three columns; basically a tic-tac-toe board. Then, decide where the important parts of the picture are and make adjustments so they are near where the places the lines intersect. What this does is makes the important part stand out, and shows just the right amount of background. If you are taking a more action-oriented image and can’t pause the situation to better position yourself or the target, this principle can also be applied when cropping the image afterward.
三分原则 摄影中一个相当好的技艺，可以帮助影像保持平衡。三分原则就是把照片横竖分成三份，横三线，坚三线，画面构成是一个九宫格。然后把画面中的重点物体调整到接近几条线交点的位置。这样就使重要物体凸显出来，而背景的比例也会恰到好处。如果是拍摄不易捕捉的动态画面或者拍摄者本身处于动态，这个原则也可以用于拍摄后的成像修改。
Using the Rule of Thirds can make it easier to use negative space. In addition, using different exposure techniques to focus on a particular part of an image can help you master using negative space in an image.
运用三分原则可以更好地在拍摄中完成实体空间的构图。另外，通过不同的曝光手段对焦在物体上成像可以帮助拍摄者更好地完成影像的实体空间构图。
Practice, practice, practice
练习，练习，练习
While you can know every single technical term and possible setting to get the optimal photograph, the only way to improve is to practice. One good way to get into the swing of things is to join a beginners’ photography group: Flickr is a good place to look for groups of beginner photographers that you can join.
只有通过不断地练习才能最终掌握所有拍摄技巧和设置才能最终完成达到最佳拍摄效果。作为初学者要想尽快掌握拍摄技巧的方法之一就是加入初学者摄友。初学者可以加入flickr（网络相册）,它有一个专为摄影初学者提供的群。
Another great way to practice is to use photography challenges: having a weekly topic will give you something to focus on for the week (pun intended.) Many of these challenges will give you a an adjective describing something to capture in an image—the descriptive word might talk about something wet, or moving, or a view from a distance. No matter if the challenge is an old post or one that is currently happening, it’s a good idea to get a list of things to take pictures of. You can then compare your images with those taken by other people.
使用摄影挑战是另一个练习的好办法。设置周主题让学习者每周的拍摄相对有目标而不是毫无目标地乱拍。许多这样的挑战会详细描述初学者在捕捉影像时需要抓住的东西。比如：拍摄湿的，移动的物体或远景。无论挑战来自是旧贴还是刚发出的帖子。它们都有很好的想法，初学者都可以得到一张可拍摄物体的清单。拍摄完成后，摄者可以把自己所拍的照片和它们拍摄的照片作一个对比。
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