《论语》中英文版 第十八章 微子篇(6)
《论语》中英文版第十八章 微子篇(6)
長沮、桀溺耦而耕,孔子過之,使子路問津焉。長沮曰:“夫執輿者為誰?”子路曰:“為孔丘。”曰:“是魯孔丘與?”曰:“是也。”曰:“是知津矣。”問於桀溺,桀溺曰:“子為誰?”曰:“為仲由。”曰:“是魯孔丘之徒與?”對曰:“然。”曰:“滔滔者天下皆是也,而誰以易之?且而與其從辟人之士也,豈若從辟世之士哉?”耰而不輟。子路行以告。夫子憮然曰:“鳥獸不可與同群,吾非斯人之徒與而誰與?天下有道,丘不與易也。”
Chang Zu and Jie Ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius passed by them, and sent Zi Lu to inquire for the ford. Chang Zu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?" Zi Lu told him, "It is Kong Qiu.', "Is it not Kong Qiu of Lu?" asked he. "Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford."
Zi Lu then inquired of Jie Ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He answered, "I am Zhong You." "Are you not the disciple of Kong Qiu of Lu?" asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Jie Ni said to him, "Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is he that will change its state for you? Rather than follow one who merely withdraws from this one and that one, had you not better follow those who have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping.
Zi Lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were the same with us. If I associate not with these people - with mankind - with whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire, there would be no use for me to change its state."
【原文】
长沮、桀溺耦而耕①,孔子过之,使子路问津焉②。长沮曰:“夫执舆者为谁③?”子路曰:“为孔丘。”曰:“是鲁孔丘与?”曰:“是也。”曰:“是知津矣。”
问于桀溺。桀溺曰:“子为谁?”曰:“为仲由。”曰:“是鲁孔丘之徒与④?”对曰:“然。”曰:“滔滔者天下皆是也,而谁以易之⑤?且而与其从辟人之士也⑥,岂若从辟世之士哉⑦?”耰而不辍⑧。子路行以告⑨。夫子抚然曰⑩:“鸟兽不可与同群,吾非斯人之徒与而谁与?天下有道,丘不与易也。”
【今译】
长沮、桀溺两人一起耕田,孔子经过那里,让子路去打听渡口。长沮说:“那驾车的人是谁?”子路说:“是孔丘。”长沮说:“是鲁国的孔丘吗?”子路说:“是的。”长沮说:“那他自己该知道渡口在哪里。”
子路去问桀溺。桀溺说:“你是谁?”子路说:“是仲由。”桀溺说:“是鲁国孔丘的徒弟吗?”子路回答:“是的。”桀溺说:“世上纷纷乱乱,礼崩乐坏,如滔滔的大水称漫,天下都是这样,你们和谁一起去改变它?再说,你与其跟随那个躲避坏人的孔丘,还不如跟从我们逃避整个黑暗社会的人好。”
子路回来报告孔子,孔子帐然若失地说:“既然我不能与鸟兽合群共处,那么,我不同世人一起生活,又同谁一起生活呢?如果天下政治清明,我孔子就不会参与改革了。”
【注释】
①长沮(jù)、桀溺(nì):春秋时两位隐士,并非他们真名实姓。耦而耕:两人并犁合力耕种。
②问津:打听渡口。
③执舆者:手执缰绳赶车的人。
④徒:学生。
⑤易:变革。
⑥辟人之士:躲避坏人的人,指孔子。辟:同“避”。
⑦辟世之士:逃避整个黑暗社会的人,指长沮、桀溺。
⑧耰(yōu):播种后覆土。不辍:不停止。
⑨告:报告,回报。
⑩抚然:惆怅失意的样子。易:改革,改变。
【评点】
个人总是要在一定社会中生存。如何生活?隐士的态度与孔子截然不同。这涉及到如何处理群与己、也就是个人与社会的关系问题。
在子路问津的故事里,孔子把长沮、桀溺这类消极避世而自命清高的隐士看做是与鸟兽为伍的人,并认为不能追随他们逃避现实。中国古代素有“孔席不暇暖”之说,意思是儒家的创始人孔子,一生忙忙碌碌,奔波不定,为实现自己的政治理想而游说列国,奔走于道途,不能久留于一地,可见其积极入世的执着劲头非同一般。
孔子尽管说过“天下有道则见,无道则隐”,但他并没有真正隐居过;相反,正因为天下无道,孔子才毕生“志于道”,决定用“道”来改变它。即使有人讥讽他“知其不可为而为之”,他还是百折不挠,积极入世。孔子的这种积极入世精神意味着,自我的实现跟对群体的社会责任感联系在一起的。
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