《孟子》中英文版
第四编 《公孫丑下》(5)
第五章 无官无责，进退有余
孟子謂蚔鼃曰：“子之辭靈丘而請士師，似也，為其可以言也。今既數月矣，未可以言與？”
Mencius said to Qi Wa, 'There seemed to be reason in your declining the governorship of Ling Qiu, and requesting to be appointed chief criminal judge, because the latter office would afford you the opportunity of speaking your views. Now several months have elapsed, and have you yet found nothing of which you might speak?'
蚔鼃諫於王而不用，致為臣而去。齊人曰：“所以為蚔¨，則善矣；所以自為，則吾不知也。”
On this, Qi Wa remonstrated on some matter with the king, and, his counsel not being taken, resigned his office and went away. The people of Qi said, 'In the course which he marked out for Qi Wa he did well, but we do not know as to the course which he pursues for himself.'
公都子以告。曰：“吾聞之也：有官守者，不得其職則去；有言責者，不得其言則去。我無官守，我無言責也，則吾進退，豈不綽綽然有餘裕哉？”
His disciple Gong Du told him these remarks. Mencius said, 'I have heard that he who is in charge of an office, when he is prevented from fulfilling its duties, ought to take his departure, and that he on whom is the responsibility of giving his opinion, when he finds his words unattended to, ought to do the same. But I am in charge of no office; on me devolves no duty of speaking out my opinion - may not I therefore act freely and without any constraint, either in going forward or in retiring?'
【原文】
孟子谓蚳蛙（1）曰：“子之辞灵丘（2）而请士师（3），似也，为其可以言也。今既数月矣，未可以言与？”
蚳蛙谏于王而不用，致为臣而去。齐人曰：“所以为蚳蛙则善矣；所以自为，则吾不知也。”
公都子④以告。
曰：“吾闻之也：有官守者，不得其职则去；有言责者，不得其言则去。我无官守，我无言责也，则吾进退，岂不绰绰然有余裕哉？”
【注释】
①蚳（zhi）蛙：齐国大夫。
②灵丘：齐国边境邑名。
③士师：官名，管禁令，狱讼，刑罚等，是法官的通称。
④公都子：孟子的学生。
【译文】
孟于对蚳蛙说：“您辞去灵丘县长而请求做法官，这似乎有道理，因为可以向齐王进言。可是现在你已经做了好几个月的法官了，还不能向齐王进言吗？”
蚳蛙向齐王进谏，齐王不听。蚳蛙因此辞职而去。齐国人说：“孟子为蚳蛙的考虑倒是有道理，但是他怎样替自己考虑呢？我们就不知道了。”
公都子把齐国人的议论告诉了孟子。
孟子说：“我听说过：有官位的人，如果无法尽其职责就应该辞官不干；有进言责任的人，如果言不听，计不从，就应该辞职不干。至于我，既无官位，又无进言的责任，那我的进退去留，岂不是非常宽松而有自由的回旋余地吗？”
【读解】
有官有职就有责。
不能尽职，不能尽责，当什么官呢？难免失落，难免苦闷与烦恼。
可是，要尽职，要尽责又免不了争斗，免不了权术，依然是苦闷与烦恼。
进退维谷。所谓“落入教中”，身不由己啊！如果再加上官场黑暗腐败，尔虞我诈，你死我活，那就更是痛苦不堪，人性扭曲了．
只有无官一身轻，进退都有余地。
可是，对很多人来说，这种“轻”是“人生不能承受之轻”，真正“轻”下来了反而过得很沉重。这就叫“红尘滚滚过，几人能参破？”所以还是要去汲汲于功名，拼命挤进“彀中”。
倒是孟子看得很清楚：
“我无官守，我无言责也，则吾进与退，岂不绰绰然有余裕哉？”
对于要想潇洒走一回，轻轻松松过一生的人来说，还是听听孟老夫子的话有好处。 |
