仙仙 发表于 2013-4-30 10:40:22

《孟子》中英文版 第三编 《公孫丑上》(4)

《孟子》中英文版
第三编 《公孫丑上》(4)
第四章 恶湿居下,自作自受

孟子曰:“仁則榮,不仁則辱。今惡辱而居不仁,是猶惡溼而居下也。如惡之,莫如貴德而尊士,賢者在位,能者在職。國家閒暇,及是時明其政刑。雖大國,必畏之矣。《詩》云:‘迨天之未陰雨,徹彼桑土,綢繆牖戶。今此下民,或敢侮予?’孔子曰:‘為此詩者,其知道乎!能治其國家,誰敢侮之?’今國家閒暇,及是時般樂怠敖,是自求禍也。禍褔無不自己求之者。《詩》云:‘永言配命,自求多褔。’《太甲》曰:‘天作孽,猶可違;自作孽,不可活。’此之謂也。”
   Mencius said, 'Benevolence brings glory to a prince, and the opposite of it brings disgrace. For the princes of the present day to hate disgrace and yet to live complacently doing what is not benevolent, is like hating moisture and yet living in a low situation. If a prince hates disgrace, the best course for him to pursue, is to esteem virtue and honour virtuous scholars, giving the worthiest among them places of dignity, and the able offices of trust. When throughout his kingdom there is leisure and rest from external troubles, let him, taking advantage of such a season, clearly digest the principles of his government with its legal sanctions, and then even great kingdoms will be constrained to stand in awe of him. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Before the heavens were dark w1th rain, I gathered the bark from the roots of the mulberry trees, And wove it closely to form the window and door of my nest; Now, I thought, ye people below, Perhaps ye will not dare to insult me." Confucius said, "Did not he who made this ode understand the way of governing?" If a prince is able rightly to govern his kingdom, who will dare to insult him? But now the princes take advantage of the time when throughout their kingdoms there is leisure and rest from external troubles, to abandon themselves to pleasure and indolent indifference - they in fact seek for calamities for themselves. Calamity and happiness in all cases are men's own seeking. This is illustrated by what is said in the Book of Poetry - Be always studious to be in harmony with the ordinances of God, So you will certainly get for yourself much happiness;" and by the passage of the Tai Jia, "When Heaven sends down calamities, it is still possible to escape from them; when we occasion the calamities ourselves, it is not possible any longer to live."'

【原文】

  孟子曰:“仁则荣,不仁则辱;今恶辱而居不仁,是犹恶湿而居下也。如恶之,莫如贵德而尊士,贤者在位,能者在职;国家闲暇①,及是时,明其政刑。虽大国,必畏之矣。《诗》云②:‘迨③天之未阴雨,彻彼桑土④,绸缪牖户(5)。今此下民⑥,或敢侮予?’孔子曰:‘为此诗者,其知道乎!能治其国家,谁敢侮之,’今国家闲暇,及是时,般乐怠敖(7),是自求祸也。祸福无不自己求之者。《诗》云(8):‘永言配命(9)民自求多福。’《太甲》(10)曰:“天作孽,犹可违(11);自作孽,不可活(12)。’此之谓也。”

  【注释】

①闲暇:指国家安定无元内忧外患。
②《诗》云:引自《诗经·邪风·鸱鸦》。
③迨(dai):趁着。
④彻:剥取。桑土(du):桑树根;土同“杜”,东齐方言说“根”为“杜”。。
⑤绸缪(mou):缠结。牖(you):窗子;户:门。
⑥下民:民义同“人”。这里的诗句是以鸱鸦(一种形似黄雀而身体较小的鸟)的口吻,其巢在上,所以称人为“下民”。
(7)般(pan):乐。怠:怠情。敖:同“邀”,指出游。
(8)《诗》云:引自《涛经·大邪·文王》。
(9)永:长久;言:语助同,大义。配:合。命:天命。
(10)《太甲》《尚书》中的一篇。
(11)违:避。
(12)活:“逭”(huan)的借字,“逃”的意思。

  【译文】

  孟子说:“仁就光荣,不仁就耻辱;现在的人既厌恶耻辱却又居于不仁的境地,这就好像既厌恶潮湿却又居于低洼的地方一样。假如真的厌恶耻辱,那最好是以仁德为贵,尊敬读书人,使有贤德的人处于一定的官位,有才能的人担任一定的职务。并且趁国家无内忧外患的时候修明政治法律制度。这样做了即使是大国也会畏惧你。《诗经》说:‘趁着天晴没阴雨,剥些桑树根上皮,补好窗子和门户。现在你们下面人,有谁还敢欺侮我?’孔子说:‘写这首诗的人很懂得道理呀!能够治理好自己的国家,谁还敢欺侮他呢?’如今国家没有内忧外患,却趁着这个时候享乐腐化,这是自己寻求祸害。祸害和幸福都没有不是自己找来的。《诗经》说:‘长久地与天命相配合,自己寻求更多的幸福。’《尚书·大甲》说:‘上天降下的灾害还可以逃避;自己造成的罪孽可就无处可逃。’说的就是这个意思。”

  【读解】

  孟子的本意是规劝当政者施行仁政,可他指出的“恶湿居下”现象却是普遍地存在于我们的生活之中。
  比如说,抽烟是损寿的,酗酒是要误大事的,睡懒觉也是不利于健康的。至于赌博可能倾家荡产,嫖妓可能患“爱得死”(即通译“爱滋”,但“爱得死”却译得更为深刻而大家都知道的。
  厌恶损寿,厌恶误事,厌恶不健康,更厌恶倾家荡产、“爱得死”……
  可就是要抽烟,喝酒,睡懒觉……
  谁还会想起“未雨绸浮”或“天作孽,犹可违;自作孽,不可活”这些格言警句呢?
  个人生活中的小事有这样的现象,国家行政上的大事也完全可能有这样的现象发生。所以孟子苦心提醒大家,既然厌恶潮湿,就不要自居于低洼的地方;既然厌恶耻辱,就不要自居于不仁的境地。说到底,还是要求当政者实施仁政。这才是孟子政治学说中万变不离其宗的主题。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 《孟子》中英文版 第三编 《公孫丑上》(4)