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《孟子》中英文版 第十一编 《告子上》(9)

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 楼主| 发表于 2013-4-30 10:01:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
《孟子》中英文版
第十一编 《告子上》(9)

第九章 一暴十寒与专心致志

孟子曰:“無或乎王之不智也,雖有天下易生之物也,一日暴之、十日寒之,未有能生者也。吾見亦罕矣,吾退而寒之者至矣,吾如有萌焉何哉?今夫弈之為數,小數也;不專心致志,則不得也。弈秋,通國之善弈者也。使弈秋誨二人弈,其一人專心致志,惟弈秋之為聽。一人雖聽之,一心以為有鴻鵠將至,思援弓繳而射之,雖與之俱學,弗若之矣。為是其智弗若與?曰非然也。”
   Mencius said, 'It is not to be wondered at that the king is not wise! Suppose the case of the most easily growing thing in the world; if you let it have one day's genial heat, and then expose it for ten days to cold, it will not be able to grow. It is but seldom that I have an audience of the king, and when I retire, there come all those who act upon him like the cold. Though I succeed in bringing out some buds of goodness, of what avail is it? Now chess-playing is but a small art, but without his whole mind being given, and his will bent, to it, a man cannot succeed at it. Chess Qiu is the best chess-player in all the kingdom. Suppose that he is teaching two men to play. The one gives to the subject his whole mind and bends to it all his will, doing nothing but listening to Chess Qiu. The other, although he seems to be listening to him, has his whole mind running on a swan which he thinks is approaching, and wishes to bend his bow, adjust the string to the arrow, and shoot it. Although he is learning along with the other, he does not come up to him. Why? Because his intelligence is not equal? Not so.'

  【原文】

  孟子曰:“无或①乎王之不智也。虽有天下易生之物也,一日暴②之,十日寒之,未有能生者也。吾见亦罕矣,吾退而寒之者至矣,吾如有萌焉何哉?今夫奔③之为数④,小数也;不专心致志。则不得也。奔秋,通国之善奕者也。使奔秋诲二人奔,其一人专心致志,惟奔秋之为听。一人虽听之,一心以为有鸿鹄⑤将至,思援弓缴(6)而射之,虽与之俱学,弗若之矣,为是其智弗若与?曰:非然也。”

  【注释】

①或:同“惑”。
②暴(pu):同“曝”,晒。
③奔:围棋。
④数:技术,技巧。
⑤鸿鹄(hu):天鹅。
(6)缴(zhuo):系在箭上的绳,代指箭。

  【译文】

  孟子说:“大王的不明智,没有什么不可理解的。即使有一种天下最容易生长的植物,晒它一天,又冻它十天,没有能够生长的。我和大王相见的时候也太少了。我一离开大王,那些‘冻’他的奸邪之人就去了,他即使有一点善良之心的萌芽也被他们冻杀了,我有什么办法呢?比如下棋作为一种技艺,只是一种小技艺;但如果不专心致志地学习,也是学不会的。奔秋是全国闻名的下棋能手,叫奔秋同时教两个人下棋,其中一个专心致志,只听弈秋的话;另一个虽然也在听,但心里面却老是觉得有天鹅要飞来,一心想着如何张弓搭箭去射击它。这个人虽然与专心致志的那个人一起学习,却比不上那个人。是因为他的智力不如那个人吗?回答很明确:当然不是。”

  【读解】

  这里所说的王,赵歧注为齐王,指当时有人怪齐王不明智而孟子不曾辅佐,孟子因此而作解释。
  一暴十寒,或者如俗语所说“三天打鱼,两天晒网”,努力少,荒废多,很难奏效。因此,贵在坚持,责在有恒心。
  世间万事莫不如此。即以生活小事而论,无论是练习写毛笔字,写日记还是练习晨跑,坚持冬泳,真正能够持之以恒的有多少人呢?
  至于孟子所举到的围棋,在他的那个时代也许的确只是雕虫小技,但在我们今天,可已是了不得的盛事了。所谓“旷代棋王”,所谓“棋圣”,其桂冠已大有与圣人比肩之势。当然,这是题外话了。
  题内的话就很简单了。学习要专心致志,不能三心二意。这在今天,已是小学生都能明白的道理。古令通则,放之四海而皆准。
  不过,孟子这段话说得非常生动形象,理应入选小学语文教材。
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