《孟子》中英文版
第十二编 《告子下》(2)
第二章 人皆可以为尧舜
曹交問曰：“人皆可以為堯舜，有諸？”
Jiao of Cao asked Mencius, saying, 'It is said, "All men may be Yaos and Shuns;"-- is it so?'
孟子曰：“然。”
Mencius replied, It is.'
“交聞文王十尺，湯九尺，今交九尺四寸以長，食粟而已，如何則可？”
Jiao went on, 'I have heard that king Wen was ten cubits high, and Tang nine. Now I am nine cubits four inches in height. But I can do nothing but eat my millet. What am I to do to realize that saying?'
曰：“奚有於是？亦為之而已矣。有人於此，力不能勝一匹雛，則為無力人矣；今曰舉百鈞，則為有力人矣。然則舉烏獲之任，是亦為烏獲而已矣。夫人豈以不勝為患哉？弗為耳。徐行後長者謂之弟，疾行先長者謂之不弟。夫徐行者，豈人所不能哉？所不為也。堯舜之道，孝弟而已矣。子服堯之服，誦堯之言，行堯之行，是堯而已矣；子服桀之服，誦桀之言，行桀之行，是桀而已矣。”
Mencius answered him, 'What has this - the question of size - to do with the matter? It all lies simply in acting as such. Here is a man, whose strength was not equal to lift a duckling - he was then a man of no strength. But to-day he says, "I can lift 3,000 catties' weight," and he is a man of strength. And so, he who can lift the weight which Wu Huo lifted is just another Wu Huo. Why should a man make a want of ability the subject of his grief? It is only that he will not do the thing. To walk slowly, keeping behind his elders, is to perform the part of a younger. To walk quickly and precede his elders, is to violate the duty of a younger brother. Now, is it what a man cannot do - to walk slowly? It is what he does not do. The course of Yao and Shun was simply that of filial piety and fraternal duty. Wear the clothes of Yao, repeat the words of Yao, and do the actions of Yao, and you will just be a Yao. And, if you wear the clothes of Jie, repeat the words of Jie, and do the actions of Jie, you will just be a Jie.
曰：“交得見於鄒君，可以假館，願留而受業於門。”
Jiao said, 'I shall be having an interview with the prince of Zou, and can ask him to let me have a house to lodge in. I wish to remain here, and receive instruction at your gate.'
曰：“夫道，若大路然，豈難知哉？人病不求耳。子歸而求之，有餘師。”
Mencius replied, 'The way of truth is like a great road. It is not difficult to know it. The evil is only that men will not seek it. Do you go home and search for it, and you will have abundance of teachers.'
【原文】
曹交①问曰：“人皆可以为尧舜，有诸？”
孟子曰：“然。”
“交闻文王十尺，汤九尺，今交九尺四寸以长，食粟而已，如何则可？”
曰：“奚有于是？亦为之而已矣。有人于此，力不能胜一匹雏②，则为无力人矣；今日举百钧，则为有力人矣。然则举乌获③之任，是亦为乌获而已矣。夫人岂以不胜为患哉？弗为耳。徐行后长者谓之弟，疾行先长者谓之不弟。夫徐行者，岂人所不能哉？所不为也。尧舜之道，孝弟而已矣。子服尧之服，诵尧之言，行尧之行，是尧而已矣。子服桀之服，诵桀之言，行禁之行，是桀而已矣。”
曰：“交得见于邹君，可以假馆④，愿留而受业于门。”
曰：“夫道若大路然，岂难知哉？人病不求耳。子归而求之，有余师。”
【注释】
①曹交：赵歧注认为是曹君的弟弟，名交。但孟子的时代曹国已亡，所以也不确切。
②一匹雏：一只小鸡。
③乌获：古代传说中的大力士．
④假馆：借客舍，意为找一个住处。
【译文】
曹交问道：“人人都可以做尧舜，有这说法吗？”
孟子说：“有。”
曹交说：“我听说文王身高一丈，汤身高九尺，如今我身高九尺四寸多，却只会吃饭罢了，要怎样做才行呢？”孟子说：“这有什么关系呢？只要去做就行了。要是有人，自以为他连一只小鸡都提不起来，那他便是一个没有力气的人。如果有人说自己能够举起三千斤，那他就是一个很有力气的人。同样的道理，举得起乌获所举的重量的，也就是乌获了。人难道以不能胜任为忧患吗？只是不去做罢了。比如说，慢一点走，让在长者之后叫做悌；快一点走，抢在长者之前叫做不悌。那慢一点走难道是人做不到的吗？不那样做而已。尧舜之道，不过就是孝和悌罢了。你穿尧的衣服，说尧的话，做尧的事，你便是尧了。你穿桀的衣服，说桀的话，做桀的事，你便是桀了。”
曹交说：“我准备去拜见邹君，向他借个住处，情愿留在您的门下做学生。”
孟子说：“道就像大路一样，难道难于了解吗？只怕人不去寻求罢了。你回去自己寻求吧，老师多得很呢。”
【读解】
人皆可以为尧舜。
这当然是植根于“性善论”而鼓励人人向善，个个都可以有所作为的命题了。
其关键还是一个“不为”与“不能”的问题。也就是《梁惠王上》里面所说的“挟泰山以超北海”和“为长者折枝”的问题。只不过从与梁惠王讨论的政治问题过渡到与一般人讨论个人修养问题罢了。所以，无论是君王从政治国还是个人立身处世都有一个“不为”与“不能”的问题摆在我们面前。认识到这一点后，就可以树立起我们每个人立志向善的信心，从自己力所能及的事情做起，不断完善自己，最终成为一个有所作为的人。
说到底，还是反对人自惭形秽，妄自菲薄，要求自尊自贵。
这大概也是“人皆可以为尧舜”的积极意义所在吧。 |
