《孟子》中英文版
第十三编 《尽心上》(39)
第三十九章 三年之丧
齊宣王欲短喪。公孫丑曰:“為期之喪,猶愈於已乎?”
The king Xuan of Qi wanted to shorten the period of mourning. Gong Sun Chou said, 'To have one whole year's mourning is better than doing away with it altogether.'
孟子曰:“是猶或紾其兄之臂,子謂之姑徐徐云爾,亦教之孝弟而已矣。”
Mencius said, 'That is just as if there were one twisting the arm of his elder brother, and you were merely to say to him "Gently, gently, if you please." Your only course should be to teach such an one filial piety and fraternal duty.'
王子有其母死者,其傅為之請數月之喪。公孫丑曰:“若此者,何如也?”
At that time, the mother of one of the king's sons had died, and his tutor asked for him that he might be allowed to observe a few months' mourning. Gong Sun Chou asked, 'What do you say of this?'
曰:“是欲終之而不可得也。雖加一日愈於已,謂夫莫之禁而弗為者也。”
Mencius replied, 'This is a case where the party wishes to complete the whole period, but finds it impossible to do so. The addition of even a single day is better than not mourning at all. I spoke of the case where there was no hindrance, and the party neglected the thing itself.'
【原文】
齐宣王欲短丧。公孙丑曰:“为期之丧,犹愈于已乎?”
孟子曰:“是犹或紾其兄之臂,子谓之‘姑徐徐’云尔,亦教之孝悌而已矣。”
王子有其母死者,其傅为之请数月之丧。公孙丑曰:“若此者,何如也?”
曰:“是欲终之而不可得也。虽加一日愈于已,谓夫莫之禁而弗为者也。”
【译文】
齐宣王想缩短丧期。公孙丑说:“只服丧一年,还是比不服丧要好吧?”
孟子说:“这就好像有人扭他哥哥的胳膊,你却劝‘你慢一点,轻一点’一样,应该教育他孝顺父母,恭敬兄长。”
王子中有死了母亲的,他的师傅为他请求服丧几个月。公孙丑说:“像这种情况该怎样处理呢?”
孟子说:“他这是想服丧三年但客观条件不允许。即使是多服丧一天也比不服丧好,我说的是针对没有人禁止他服丧但他却不肯服丧的那种人。”
【解说】
为亲人服丧守孝,这仅仅是表面上的行为方式,从最根本的问题来说,就如孔子所说的:“予之不仁也!子生三年,然後免於父母之怀。夫三年之丧,天下之通丧也;予也有三年之爱於其父母乎?”这个意思是说,宰我真是不仁爱呀,小孩子生下来三年以后,才能离开父母的怀抱。这三年为父母守孝,是天下通行的守孝的行为规范。他难道没有从父母那里得到过三年的爱抚与关怀吗?因此,为亲人服丧守孝三年这种行为,是人们应该尽到本性的行为方式,而不仅仅是一种过场。当然,客观条件不允许,亦可缩短丧期,但是心里面一定要记住父母的恩情。如果连父母怀抱养育三年的恩情都不想回报,那么他对活着的其他人的恩情是否回报也就可想而知了。 |