《孟子》中英文版
第十四编 《尽心下》(15)
第十五章 圣人百世之师
孟子曰:“聖人,百世之師也,伯夷、柳下惠是也。故聞伯夷之風者,頑夫廉,懦夫有立志;聞柳下惠之風者,薄夫敦,鄙夫寬。奮乎百世之上。百世之下,聞者莫不興起也。非聖人而能若是乎,而況於親炙之者乎?”
Mencius said, 'A sage is the teacher of a hundred generations - this is true of Bo Yi and Hui of Liu Xia. Therefore when men now bear the character of Bo Yi, the corrupt become pure, and the weak acquire determination. When they hear the character of Hui of Liu Xia, the mean become generous, and the niggardly become liberal. Those two made themselves distinguished a hundred generations ago, and after a hundred generations, those who hear of them, are all aroused in this manner. Could such effects be produced by them, if they had not been sages? And how much more did they affect those who were in contiguity with them, and felt their inspiring influence!'
【原文】
孟子曰:“圣人,百世之师也,伯夷、柳下惠是也。故闻伯夷之风者,顽夫廉,懦夫有立志;闻柳下惠之风者,薄夫敦,鄙夫宽。奋乎百世之上,百世之下,闻者莫不兴起也。非圣人而能若是乎?——而况于亲炙之者乎?”
【注释】
鄙夫:《左传·宣公十四年》:“过我而不假道,鄙我也。”《论语·阳货》:“鄙夫可与事君也与哉!”《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》:“鄙贱之人,不知将军宽之至此也。”《晋书·董京传》:“鱼悬兽槛,鄙夫知之。”这里用为形容见识浅薄的人之意。
【译文】
孟子说:“圣人,是百世人民的老师,伯夷、柳下惠就是这样的圣人。因此,听到伯夷高风亮节的人,贪婪者都会变得廉洁,懦弱的人也会长志气。听到柳下惠高风亮节的人,刻薄者也会变得敦厚,见识浅薄者也会变得宽宏大量。百世以前奋发进取,百世以后,听说这些的人无不感动振作。如果不是圣人,谁能够有如此的作为?何况是那些亲自受到圣人熏陶的人呢?”
【解说】
圣人之所以为圣人,就是在于他们爱民,无私地爱民。我们在第六章就讨论过,舜是真正地弄懂了“爱民”的意思,舜不遗余力地爱民,无私无我地爱民,尽心知命地爱民,才赢得尧的信任和人民的拥护。而得到尧的信任和人民的拥护,舜才得到“被袗衣,鼓琴,二女果,若固有之”的最好结局。如果舜不爱民,会有这些吗?所以,做到尽心知命地去爱民,也就能选择到最佳行为方式,最后也就能得到人民的拥护。 |