原文: 腾讯新闻网
译者: 深圳大学 赖小琪
记者从商业银行了解到，随着各家银行对房地产相关的三类贷款摸底告一段落，下半年开始，银监会将对房地产贷款组织例行的现场检查。一家商业银行信贷部人士透露，下半年，银监会的检查将主要针对流程是否合规、风险管理是否有效，尤其是是否严格执行了上半年出台的相关政策。“如果有松动，按照通常惯例，银监会将进行一些处理。这意味着上半年出台的政策目前没有松动，下半年仍然需要继续严格执行。”
Journalists know from the Commercial Bank that with the examination of three kinds of loans relevant to real estate done by various banks approaching to an end, from the second half of this year, the CBRC( China Banking Regulatory Commission) will further conduct a routine on-site inspection on the organizations of real estate loans. A clerk from Credit Department of a commercial bank revealed that during the second half of this year, the CBRC will focus on whether the procedure complies with the regulations, the efficiency of risk management and specially whether relevant organizations strictly enforces the policies established in the first half of this year. If there is some change in the policy, the CBRC will do some announcement accordingly. Now there is no sign of change, so we need to exercise those policies strictly.
记者从银监会相关人士处了解到，从目前掌握的情况看，在监管部门督导下，各商业银行均迅速制定出台房贷新规实施细则，并从严把关，总体执行情况很好。据部分地区抽样调查，第二套房及以上房屋贷款套数在总套数和整体占比呈现“双降”，投机投资类购房得到遏制。据透露，银监会已要求各级监管部门，继续加大对房贷政策执行情况的检查力度，及时严厉查处各类违法违规行为，确保国家宏观调控政策得到严格执行。
Journalists also learn from people working in CBRC that from what they’ve known, under the supervision and instruction of the supervisory organizations, all commercial banks quickly worked out new rules and kept a strict eye on its implementation. Therefore, now the overall implementation is well going on. According to some sample surveys, the rate of buying a second house or more is decreasing, and the percentage it accounts for in the total of purchased houses is also decreasing, realizing “double decreases”, which means the speculation and investment in real estate have been curbed. According to some news, the CBRC has commanded all supervisory organizations to re-enforce the examination of the implementation of house loans and timely penalize those illegal transactions, so as to ensure the effective implementation of our macroeconomic control policies.
一位商业银行的人士表示，由于此前对第三套房停贷的前提条件是“商品住房价格过高，上涨过快，供应紧张的地区”，但并未就此出台过具体标准，这使得哪些城市可以停贷并没有一个可以量化的标准，因而部分商业银行贷款发放面临一定的困扰。
A clerk from a commercial bank claimed that as the policy of not granting a house loan for buying the third house is confined to the areas where the house price is surging drastically and the house is in great demand without detailed judgment criteria, it could hardly draw a line between cities that could implement the policy and those that could not without quantified criteria. Therefore, some commercial banks faced some confusion in the course of granting credit.
此外，按照有关规定，个人按揭贷款的发放应以“房”作为认定标准，对首付款比例实行动态管理。但事实上，由于商业银行与相关部门的数据未实现联网，很难以“房”为限进行认定，多数情况下只能以“贷”为限执行，这在一定程度上使得政策执行效果打了折扣。“他建议有关部门尽快协调数据库的联网工作。
Besides, according to relevant regulations, individual mortgage loans can only be released with the proof of buying house, and we should practice a mobile management on the rate of down payments. In fact, as the data from commercial banks have not connected to those from relevant organizations online, it is hard to identify whether the loan borrower has truly bought house or not. So in most cases, we can only grant a limited credit to the borrowers, which indeed undermines the effect of the policy. The clerk advised relevant organization to realize online connection among different data as soon as possible.
据记者了解，不仅个人按揭贷款未出现松动，商业银行对土地储备贷款和开发贷款也仍然在按照银监会既定的政策执行。一家大型商业银行的高层对记者表示，总的目的都是为了保证贷款安全、不被挪用，以及房价不被炒作。
Journalist also knew that not only is there no change in individual mortgage loans, but also the commercial banks will continue carrying out strictly the set policies in land reserve loans and development loans. Some senior management in a large commercial bank told journalists that the policies are intended to guarantee the safety of the loans and avoid misappropriation and real estate speculation.
目前对于土地储备贷款，银监会要求商业银行根据政府信用和财政状况，区别对待、重新核定授信额度；此外，要严格把握土地抵押率，按比例发放贷款，严防过度授信；商业银行还需要紧密监控贷款投向，确保贷款不被挪作他用，确保土地拍卖或协议转让收入优先偿还贷款。
In terms of land reserve loans, the CBRC requires commercial banks to treat them differently according to the government credits and financial conditions, granting different credit accordingly. Plus, commercial banks should also examine the land mortgage rate and grant credit with an appropriate percentage, avoiding over-credit. They should also keep tight track of the going of the loans in order to ensure the loans are used in specified areas. Moreover, they should also ensure the incomes from land auction or land transfer will be firstly used to pay loans.
而对开发贷款，银监会也有明确的监管原则。如要求商业银行实行名单式管理，加强对开发商资本充足率和自有资金的审查标准；要求提高押品标准；把握贷款的额度限制等。贷款总额不得超过再融资的50%，对于住房销售合同资金要实行封闭管理，根据销售进度，按比例归还开发贷款等。
As with development loans, the CBRS also has its clear supervisory rules. For example, it requires all commercial banks to implement “real-name-list” management and intensify the examination standards for the developers’ capital ratio and their amount of self-owned capital. It also requires them to practice a limit on credit, which cannot exceed 50% of its refinancing. They are also entitled to conduct closed management on money stated in house sales contracts and return the loans according to the sales performance. |
